Fiction and Brother Leon Brought Essay Example for Free

Fiction and Brother Leon Brought EssayA Wifeis a story scripted byManuel Arguillaabout a man who comes home to his province to introduce his wife from the city to his family. This short story won first prize in the estate Literary Contest in 1940. Baldo younger brother of Leon, fetched Leon and mare from the road to Nagrebcan * Leon (or Noel) older brother of Baldo who studied in Manila where he met his wife * Maria the beautiful and stunning wife of Leon from Manila * Labang the bull whom Baldo considers as his pet * Norman Tabios Marias ex-boyfriend who happened to be a loro * Gagambino Leons favorite fictional character who gave him lots of anchor to study in Manila * Churita Labangs girlfriend/fiance Baldo and his older brother Leon were both waiting for the arrival of their visitor riding the carretela. Seeing his brothers wife, Baldo was easily interpreted away by the beauty of the woman from city as he narrates their journey to Nagrebcan. The idea of meeting with Leons parents for the first time made Maria a bit anxious. But along their way home, Maria discovered the peculiarities of the life in Nagrebcan as opposed to their life in the city where she met and fell in love with Leon. Summary Exposition Maria was the first one introduced in the story the wife of the main character Leon. She first noticed Baldo, the brother of Leon and then Labang was introduced, the family bull. ComplicationOn the way, Maria expressed her fear that their father might not ilk her. Conflict Leon explained to Maria that their father is the mildest-tempered, gentlest man he knew. rising tide When they got home, their father did not welcome them. He was said to be in his room his leg is bothering him again. Baldo saw his mother and sister Aurelia and Maria in the kitchen who seemed like crying. His father removed the roll of tobacco in his mouth when he saw Baldo and started continues How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife, is a short story written by the highly ac claimed Filipino writer Manuel Arguilla.This award-winning story is a long-standing favorite in Philippine literature. To examine this piece, the authors background must first be considered. Formalistic, historical, and sociological approaches can also be utilized to analyze the story further. Prominent symbols and their interpretations will also be discussed. About Manuel Arguilla Manuel Arguilla was born to Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo in Barrio Nagrebcan in Bauang, La Union on June 17, 1911. The Arguillas were a humble, hard-working family who farmed the small piece of land they owned to make a living.In school, Manuel was a sharp student who showed control of being a brilliant writer at an early age. He graduated as salutatorian of his high school and then left La Union to study at the University of Philippines, where he would eventually earn a Bachelor of Science degree in Education. Around the same time, he marital fellow writer, Lydia Villanueva, and moved to Er mita, Manila. After college, he worked at the Bureau of Public Welfare and taught at the University of Manila. After working at the bureau for a some years, Arguilla was selected to be the managing editor of The Welfare Advocate, the business newsletter.He served at the Bureau until 1943, when he was appointed to the Board of Censors. During this time, he was working at a Nipponese propaganda agency and also as an agent of the Markings Guerillas, an anti-Japanese rebel movement. In 1944, the Japanese discovered Arguillas disloyalty and arrested him.

The turning point of historys great events Essay Example for Free

The turning point of historys great planets EssayHistory is full of incidences which bemuse altered its course. One such incident that has altered the course of present politics and possibly the course of international politics and international law is the dreadful act of terrorist act of 9/11. In its wake the incident has left consequences that are still affecting the course of politics and international laws.United States actions against Iraq, Afghanistan and even its relation with the country of Western Europe have been affected in the aftermath of 9/11. It seemed that United States identified Iraq as a potential menace to its policies in the Middle East and promoter of terrorism and despite UN resollution chose to go it alone and use a new doctrine of pre-emptive attack to what it saw as a potential threat from weapons of mass destruction (WMD) stockpiled by Iraq. Unfortunately no WMD were found in Iraq but the doctrine of pre-emptive strike impart be cited by many gove rnments to attack their weaker neighbors. Israel was the only country to have used this doctrine to attack Iraqi under construction nuclear provide plant. The United Nations and United States had condemned Israel for this action.The War on terrorist act also make upd dilemmas for International law as United States refused to recognize Taliban Borelli, 2005 and Al-Qaeda suspects as Prisoners of War1 (POW) and classified them as Illegal combatant2 denying them status of both common criminal and POWs creating problems such as Guantanamo Bay, CIA interrogation Centers and legal status of prisoners.. This has created a problem for the International law3 and also a precedent for many other countries to cite in defense of their own illegal activities.The racial profiling and early version of Patriot Act at one time again discriminated between different type of US citizens, authorizing illegal wire tapping and invasion of privacy of law abiding Arab Americans which made the people recal l Nipponese internment during the Second World War.The attack on the World Trade Center had won United States worldwide sympathy and this opportunity could have been used to strengthen international laws against terrorism. The US government actions have alienated many of our traditional allies in Europe. The world is still not free of terrorism and the coalition of willing formed in the wake of 9/11 has not yet achieved its objectives. The United States citizens and Congress which gave almost a unanimous shop at to war on terrorism and War in Iraq now find that they have been misled by the government and have said so with their votes in the congressional elections.It seems that the incident of 9/11 which had won us worldwide sympathy and desire to act against terrorism has resulted in a much divided and menace world due to our actions since 9/11. One thing is certain the incident of 9/11 has altered the course of the history. The new system will hopefully give more importance to international bodies and international laws Gasser, 2002 to resolve dispute and the threats posed by terrorism. Alternatively, the consequences could further divide the world and may even create wider conflict in the Middle East and even more problems for the world peace.BibliographyBorelli, S. Legal Black Hole, retrieved from Internet on 27 February 2007 http//www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/review-857-p39/$File/irrc_857_Borelli.pdfGasser, H., Acts of Terror, Terrorism and International law, ICRC, September 2002, Vol. 84, No 847, http//www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/5FLCCX/$File/irrc_847_Gasser.pdf1 George W. Bush, Memorandum on Humane treatment of Taliban and al-Qaeda detainees ,7 February 2002, available at http//pegc.no-ip.info/archive/White_House/bush_memo_20020207_ed.pdf2 writing table of Defense, News Briefing, 11 January 2002,available at http//www.defenselink.mil/news/Jan2002/briefings.html3 According to news reports, shortly after the attacks of 11 Sep tember the President of the United States signed a occult order authorizing the CIA to set up a network of secret detention and interrogation centers outside the United States where high value prisoners could be subjected to interrogation tactics, which would be prohibited under US law. The US government negotiated status of forces agreements with several foreign governments allowing the US to set up CIA-run interrogation facilities and granting immunity to US effect and private contractorsRef J. Barry, M. Hirsh and M. Isiko. The roots of torture , Newsweek, 24 May 2004

E Books To Replace College Textbooks

E Books To Replace College TextbooksE-learning is today gaining serious grounds as nearly institutions of learning argon fast adopting e-learning methods and techniques, at the same sequence doing away with the manual learning technique which involves school text books in institutions/Universities. With the advent of e-books, textbooks argon fast becoming obsolete as Hellman revealed that, it is even some(prenominal) economical utilize e-books than textbooks as it survives time (11). Methodically, it is observed that it is more economical to acquire E-books than a manual textbook. The general cost of acquiring an E-book is much cheaper or less than a text book. Experts advise that it is much more economical to utilisation e-books in a learning address than textbooks. One tidy sum save more when using E-books than when using textbooks. Today, E-books are generally accepted as the generality of students perusal in various institutions would prefer to save for separate purp oses, if they discover that it is cheaper than acquiring a manual textbook. The possibility of these E-books is a nonher aspect that makes it very operable to use than the manual textbooks. With the availability of electronic gadgets a desire the I-Pad, Palm tops and other electronic devices that can effectively aid reading has made the use of E-books feasible and has given it an edge over the manual textbooks, especially apportioning its cost.Table of ContentPage No.Executive Summary.. 1Introduction . 4Portability . 5 embody . 6Availability 7Method 7Data . 8Conclusion 8Recommendation.. 9Works Cited. 10IntroductionThe e-book is expert a literary work in a different plaster cast from the textbook, it is only a digital object that is composed of one or more step and distinctive identifiers, broad databases as hearty as monographic body of heart that is directed towards published books and accessed done electronic devices. Indiviglio explained that, both the textbooks and e-bo oks receive the same content provided in print textbooks together with their print page numbers for note-taking as well as communication features that can only be obtainable through the internet Students are capable of printing out the pages they require at any particular time. Values in the e-book arena are being true in five key areas that include e-book formats, digital right management format, digital audio formats, digital rights management systems as well as dispersal and promotion. Each of these has an appealing technological aspect, but they are also motivating in terms of the stake expressers who encourage them. The internet has allowed us to take full hit of the accessibility and user-friendly resources obtainable to us.Today, it sure seem like the era of manual textbooks have enjoyed their stay and rule in the learning process, now, the e-book is taking its acquire and dominating the learning process. Besides that, at the beginning of fall semester, there is always a plan on how one spends his money and aside intellectual nourishment and beer, a greater percentage of funds are always channelled to pounds and pounds of textbooks. Lately, e-readers have decided to set free college students from heaving anything to do with bundles of pages of manual textbooks that most of them huff home from the bookstore at the commencement of every semester. Melissa explained that, from Amazons Kindle DX to Barnes Nobles Nook and even the I-Pad, an age group of digital readers have pledged to sterilise overflowing backpacks filled with stuffy textbooks with a portable, light iront slate loaded with every required book one depart ever take away for the full semester or even for every semester (Melissa). precisely can one just go and download the books that are zippy for class at that particular time? How expensive are they? Before one would consider going for an e-book, they should note that, the portability, the cost, and availability at any particular t ime is very critical.PortabilityLearning process is quite a task thus no one would want to make learning more difficult, but bare(a). Hoofing textbooks to class like a hunch back in most cases is quite a difficult task. Having 30 pounds of textbooks drooping off ones back in a bag that looks like it is intimately to crack at the seams, the spine definitely surfers (Melisa 23). However, rather than hoof over 30 pounds on the back, when there is an alternative of a portable e-book reader. rather of 30 pounds, it will be preferably to use the e-reader in a device that is normally as portable as a magazine. Reading devices like the Kindle DX weigh about 1.1 pounds, while the I-Pad is just about 1.5 pounds.It is observed that, when assessing the cost of e-books they cannot be interchange, which strikes a most important drive against any form of media that a lot of people would only presume converting directly to beer money once they are done using that book. However, another import ant note is that, the E-book cannot be borrowed, unlike the manual textbook. E-books cannot be lent and be destroyed on returned (Bilton). The plan or idea of splitting between two friends is not relevant to e-book and with this feature the e-book can be preserved for a very wide period of time and it also saves cost. Several e-readers claim that, e-book lending is permitted, but this is not quite true. On the other hand, one can lend an e-book, only if the publisher permits it and for a given time period of 14 days and just once ever, for the instauration of the book. Some patents do not allow the borrowing of e-books, once an individual buys, it can be tattooed or customized to the individuals taste as null else will have right of use to that book except the owner.CostThe internet is a medium or house for enormous potential with some(prenominal) useful functions that are conveniently employ to assist people save money in the long run. In this paper, the cost of acquiring e-b ooks and textbooks when compared is much cheaper than textbooks. When discussing the expenses of books in relation to college students, Bilton states that, but it is a very important cost. The average public university student spends $1,122 per year on books, according to the College Board (E-Books A New discipline of Thought). Normally, this cost annually is for a public college student which is the least when comparing with a private university student. Comparatively, this is quite expensive relative to E-Books currently selling for $3 to $7 range (Indiviglio).This to a great extent proves the overbearing cost of text, excluding the tuition fee. Students who buy e-books pay significantly less than the cost of either utilise or saucily books, with an average savings of about $60, the advantages can extend when the universities decide to select digitally (Hellman 14). Students at the University System of Pennsylvania, for instance, are enjoying great treasure at a great footing , now that the university system has partnered with Course Smart. Course Smart is an online bookstore that bears over 90% of all major textbooks used in Higher Education today as E-Textbooks. The objective is to achieve this particular goal of benefiting as a university, and also acquiring the personal gain that comes with using it (Hellman 14).AvailabilityToday, it really looks like the textbook is more available than the e-book, but no, that is quite not true. E-books require just the electronic devices and the printing it online and not on paper like the textbooks. The textbook requires printing on paper which is extremely expensive. Paper is made from wood that is supposed to be used in other meaningful economic means, but rather waste it on printing textbooks that will get rot after a period of time (Indiviglio). But the e-book is always accessible and can be preserved over a long period of time it can also be referenced whenever the need arises without it being depleted like t he printed textbooks. This really makes the e-book more available than the printed textbooks.MethodToday, the e-book has made the very expensive competitive and would soon be decided whether it will continue at its high rates or not, the I-pad and the Apples e-learning devices will cost less than taking a whole pile of textbooks. For instance, Mokey asserted that various schedules back up on books could make a University freshman consider whether he really need it for different introductory courses, he will rather get to consider how much he will be expected to spend on e-books than his normal printed textbooks. After drawing his plans, he will get to decide whether to go for e-books as it will cost him far less than what textbooks will cost him. Though, money might not really be a great prepare to look into an e-reader, a student will discover that, buying e-books will cost him less than getting printed textbooks from the stores, he will get to keep the e-books for a long period of time while the textbooks might get rotten over time. Mokey also cited that, two students went to shop online in online stores, after buying from a normal book store to compare prices they observed that, the online shopping was far cheaper than the textbooks gotten from the book store.DataWhen comparing different brands, it is observed that between hefty textbooks and the wise e-reader, the e-books can save a full pack. For example, writing systematically would cost about $66.50 brand new textbooks from the US book store, while a simple download of an e-book could cost just $46.30 on the Amazon and one will get a total savings of about $20.20 for just a integrity book (Bilton). Different factors in the used-book market and savings decline a little more like the portrait for instance. It is observed today in schools that, most students prefer to buy their books online, rather than go to normal stores and get printed textbooks for their learning. Data released from a survey monito ring students behaviour with the likes of books reveal that, the Apple I-Pad tablet is bit by bit dominating and it is already more popular than the other forms of textbooks used by students. But the easy accessibility to textbooks makes some school administrators question the effectiveness of the e-reader. Also, the resale nurse of e-books when compared generally reveals that, it is more economical to textbooks.AdvantagesOne of the main advantages of the e-book is the low cost. There are no printing, storage, or postal fees involved with e-books, therefore the product is produced at a lower cost. This is an advantage for the production company and the consumer. Traditional textbook costs have been an ongoing line for college students worldwide. In an effort to follow the fashion of textbooks rising cost, it was found that the average prices rose 186 percent between 1986 and 2005, and continue to shoot up each year far faster than inflation (Jeffrey Young). This price increase h as taken on toll on many students pockets with a cost of more than 80 dollars per book on average. In an article discussing the expenses of books in relation to college students, Baumann states, Its a significant cost. The average full-time public university student spends $1,122 per year on books, according to the College Board (Ebooks A New School of Thought). This is more than twice the amount e-books users are spending. Students who purchase e-books pay substantially less than the cost of either new or used books, with an average savings of about $60 per book. That is a huge saving, especially for those who already struggle to pay for their tuition and books. Our objective is to maximize students savings by more than 50 percent.The update function is also an important advantage that the e-book holds. The e-book allows for instant updating of outdated material without having to purchase new material. Traditional textbooks are available in some(prenominal) editions, because the a uthors continue to add new findings. Since the e-books are a part of an electronic database the cultivation is easily accessed for renewal. This prevents the students from having to purchase new editions, with minute differences from past editions, but sold for a higher cost. This is a factor because if the textbook is a new edition used books arent available therefore the student must purchase the new book at the full inflated cost.Other advantages of the e-book are the convenience, weight riddance, saving trees, and the bookmarking, highlighting, annotating and search capabilities. E-books are typically purchased and download from the internet therefore this may be done from home. That saves time for students who may work full-time or half congested scheduled. Also bookstores are known to have long lines causing long wait times. This time constraint could be eliminated with the convenience of purchasing the e-book at your own leisure. Along with that advantage is the withdrawal o f carrying these books. Textbooks weight can be overbearing, especially when a student is carrying four to five books at one time. Some books, particularly for economics or the hard sciences, can weigh up to seven lbs. each. This proves that the baggage can get physically exhausting. On the other hand the e-book is baggage free, if assuming students will access information from school. If others discern to carry and alternate device, such as a laptop or kindle, it still would not amount to half the weight of carrying even two conventional textbooks. Using the type of devices also saves trees. According to ecology.com, Nearly 4 billion trees or 35% of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries. The one-third percent of trees cut down for paper could drastically decrease with the ebook conversion. The environmental friendly paper alternative could be vital to our health and the environment. Although the ebook can be printed if preferred, this is a matter of pe rsonal choice. The ebook proves to be environmentally and economically sound. In addition to contributing to the environment, these devices also have capabilities that textbooks does not. They hold the options of bookmarking, highlighting, annotating and searching through text. These are means that could make studying easier. It saves time and relieves the difficulty of searching through material for needed information. Bookmarking, annotating, and highlighting text is also useful for preserving thoughts and ideas, and organization. This helps maintain a trouble-free studying experience with just a click.DisadvantagesThe main disadvantage of the e-book is the concern of eyestrain and accessibility. The display resultant of computer screens and electronic devices is considerably less than the print quality produced by a printing press therefore viewing the material electronically is believed to be a strain on the eyes. This can cause dis pouf to the reader which could discourage stu dy habits. The chair of the ophthalmology department at the University of North Carolina disagrees with this notion and went on to explain that it is not the screen causing the strain, but suggest its a variety of other factors that can cause physical fatigue (Dr. Travis Meredith). He then went on to further explain the problem and suggest a solution to the problem. Dr. Meredith states, the ergonomics of reading screens and the lack of blinking when we stare at them play a big role in eye fatigue. The current problem with reading on screens is that we need to adjust our bodies to our computer screens, rather than the screens adjusting to us. This is something that students should consider when seeking comfort while studying. Another solution to this problem would be using the print option offered. Most e-books offer the option to print text, therefore the student is afforded the option to print the necessary text needed when studying for extended periods of time. This choice integr ates the two study habits for the small fee of printing the pages needed. This function is also a solution to the issue of accessibility. Some students do not have access to the needed devices to access the e-books outside of school, others worry of not having ready access to the text in classrooms when needed. Those students could simply print the text from school libraries for home use. This enables the student to have the luxury of both electronic and printed text, if necessary.Other disadvantages of the e-book are the enduringness and battery-life. E-book readers are more susceptible to damage from being dropped or hit than a print book. This can become a problem when toting around electronic devices. When students are carrying around such sensitive equipment extra precautions should be taken. As with any piece of technology, the reader must be protected from the elements (such as extreme cold, heat, water, etc.). To visualise caution is taken students should protect the devic e with the proper cover. There is covered protection available to protect against these issues. If an instance occurs that the device is damaged, students may access the information from the online database it was originally purchased from. This solution is also useful to in case of data loss and other hardware or software malfunctions. In addition to the durability problem is the issue of the battery-life. Most laptops and other electronic devices have a battery life of three to four hours. This may become a problem if the student is mobile with the device. In a situation such as this, students should carry a secondary battery as a back-up or father along a charger. Most public places have available outlets and are equipped with free Wi-Fi for the purpose of studying and searching the web. This promotes positive study habits from lots anywhere.ConclusionThe accessibility and familiarity provided by Apple, Pc and Macintosh computers is a very exciting one that will keep the use of e-books for a longer existence than the textbooks. Having had a great deal of experience through school, I strongly believe that, no knowledge is wasted and at the same time it is much easier to use e-books than it is to use textbooks. In my final school year, I decided I was going to use only e-books and that helped me greatly as I save a lot of money, got easy access to e-books than when I used to buy text books for my studies.RecommendationToday I am very familiar with e-books and nonentity has been easier than using e-books for learning purposes. Therefore, I strongly recommend e-books for students in schools today as it saves time it is easily accessible and always available as well as cost effective.

Electronic Project Management System Project in Construction

Electronic show precaution System Project in ConstructionIntroductionConstruction is one of the most complicated industries in the world. It engages in m each kind of industries and processes to complete the edifice check. Therefore, wrench also call for to substance ab persona confound charge methodological analysis to manage the communicate.Nowadays, information technology is a very useful tool to help the business. Construction also use such(prenominal) information technology to helping in the building processes, therefore, a complex body part company would like to implement a electronic labour perplexity system to manage the building processes.In this electronic undertaking management system tramp, it would like to choose the PRINCE2 instead of PMP for the regorge management methodology. We would like to compare those methodologies and suggest the most suitable one for the similar case in construction industry.We have many project management methodologies in the world solely when it is difficult to choose one for special project. We will use PRINCE 2 to compare with PMP in several areas.Prince 2PRINCE is a project management methodology and it is stand for PRojects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE). PRINCE2 is the second version of this methodology and it is a registered trademark of the Office of Government Commerce (OGC) of UK. PRINCE2 is widely in use by UK regimen and other company in UK.PRINCE2 is a structure project management methodology for different kind of project, not only for Information Technology.PmbokPMBOK also is a project management methodology and it is stand for Project Management Book of companionship. PMBOK is a guide of best practice in a project and it is published by PMI (Project Management Institute). PMBOK is widely in use in the world but not only in US or compass north America.PMP (Project Management Professional) is a surface known certificate for the PMBOK. You could use PMBOK standard in different kind of industry that runs a project.Project Life-cycle based versus Knowledge Area basedIn PRINCE2, it has clear plantd the project feel-cycle in eight main processes as follows,l Starting up a project (SU)l Directing a project (DU)l Initiating a project (IP)l Managing stage boundaries (SB)l Controlling a stage (CS)l Managing harvesting delivery (MP)l Closing a project (CP)l Planning (PL)Each of the main process has its sub-process and totally in 45 processes with their own documentation. equalise with PRINCE2, PMBOK has discuss in nine functional based knowledge area rather than use project life-cycle,l Project integration managementl Project scope managementl Project time managementl Project cost managementl Project quality managementl Project human resource managementl Project parleys managementl Project risk managementl Project procurement managementEach of the knowledge area has its sub-process and totally in 42 processes.It seems PRINCE2 has well defined the project life-cyc le than PMBOK. PRINCE2 has defined light(a) to follow procedure, checklists and hints for project manager to use through the project life-cycle. PMBOK mainly discuss the skills, tools and techniques in the nine knowledge areas.In PRINCE2, the project life-cycle is not starting from the needs or feasibility study. In PRINCE2 manual stated Most of what in PRINCE2 terms will be stages will be divisions of implementation in the product life span. Therefore, PRINCE2 is more belike to be implementation methodology than project management methodology. PMBOK recognize any projects needs the assessment and feasibility study before the project start. It is more likely is a project management methodology.DocumentationIn PRINCE2, it has heavily on documentation. PRINCE2 has described thirty-six standard management documents such as plans and reports that are involved through the consentient methodology.Acceptance Criteria, A definition in measurable terms of the characteristics required of t he final product(s)for it/them to the customers and staff who will be affected. It seems to be provided by the project management team and written during the project starting and it should be a mandatory documentation in the project.Communication Plan, To define all parties gratifyed in the project. It contains a description of the means and frequency of communication between them and the project team. It is a document stated all interest parties, what information is required, how often is the communication and the method. It is to be provided by the project management team and written during the project starting for future as a communication roadmap.End Project Report, This report is the Project Managers report to the Project Board (who whitethorn pass it on to corporate or programme management) on how well the project has performed against its Project Initiation Document. This report should provided by the Project Manager and written during the Closing a Project stage. Also, it i s a mandatory document in the project.Issue Log, It is use to record all issues raised in the project those need to take attention. It may include any concern in the project or any requirement out of the project scope the need of the change of scope. Project issues may be raised by anyone associated with the project at any time. In PRINCE2, the issue log is a mandatory document in the controlling project stage. It should has access control and kept in a safe placeLesson Learned Log, To be a repository of any lesson learned during the project that can be usefully applied to other projects. It should be written at the closing stage of the project and it may be a mandatory document to act as a Learning subroutine library for future use.Project Mandate, The information in the Mandate is used to trigger Starting up a Project(SU). It should contain sufficient information to identify at least the prospective Executive of the Project Board and indicate the subject matter of the project. I t should come from the Project committee that can approve the cost, the project and any resources. It also is a mandatory document in the project starting stage.Except the Lesson Learned Log, those documents are not discussed and mentioned in the PMBOK. It seems PMBOK is discussing on the project management skills and techniques more than the documentation.Schedule And PlanningIn PRINCE2, it is more focus on the project goal or objective to be delivered and the quality. It is using slightly common techniques or tools such as Gantt Chart, Pert Chart or any other method in the Planning (PL) stage.PRINCE2 introduce several stairs in the planning stage. Firstly, create a Product Breakdown Structure (PBS). Secondly, write down the Product Description. Finally, create the Product Flow Diagram. PRINCE2 has provided examples and defined clearly in each step what is the project manager should do. It has provided an easy to follow instruction for the project manager to manage the project.In PMBOK, planning is a world(a) skill in the project management. It also applied to each project phase and through the whole project life-cycle. Also, PMBOK will use Gantt Chart or Pert Chart for the project planning and tracking. However, project planning in PMBOK always discussing in different knowledge areas and it seems across and integrated through the whole project.Control In Project ManagementIn PRINCE2, according to the materials, control is talking about the closing making by the project management team. It is targeting to puzzle the project goal, fulfill the defined project quality condition, meet the project schedule, cost and resources planned and to deal with any crisis it may rose in the project life-cycle to complete the project.As mention at above, it is the responsibility of the project manager. PRINCE2 has defined very clearly between valuation account, Contingency and Change Control.Tolerance is the permissible deviation from a plan without bringing the deviatio n to the attention of the next higher authority. Tolerance for the project manager is needed because there has no any project will run as hundred percent as planned in the world even the project manager with a good plan.Contingency, in PRINCE2 terms, is a budget including the time and money set aside to carry out a contingency plan which will only be invoked in a linked risk actually occurs. Contingency plan is needed in the project because the any project has some circumstantial accident issue to cause the project fail.Change Control, the control of change means the assessment of the impact of potential changes, their importance, their cost and a judgmental decision by management on whether to include them or not.14 In any project, change is inevitable but it need to under control and approved to look into the project could meet the schedule and budget.IN PMBOK, control is discussed in several knowledge areas. As change control, it is discuss in Project Integrated Management Like the schedule and planning, control is always to be discuss in the several knowledge areas through the whole project life-cycle.ConclusionAs a project management methodology, PRINCE2 and PMBOK have very different approaches for project management. It is because both methodologies serve in different areas. Therefore, they cannot directly to do the comparison.PMBOK, it demonstrates the best method for precept the project management skills and techniques in each knowledge area, but it did not provide an effective guidance or examples for running a project.Compare with PMBOK, PRINCE2 use a project life-cycle base method to demonstrate its methodology is difficult to judge in each knowledge area.After the study of PRINCE2, its most likely to serve as customer vs supplier situation. In the PRINCE2s book, it has been pointing out the project will be running for a customer instead of a egotism manage situation. That means PRINCE2 is basically use to running a outsource project by the vendo r more than running a project by the project sponsor. As describe in the book of PRINCE2, it also has an assumption the project is running for a customer with only one vendor. In the cosmos of construction management, it always deals with multiple vendors and the coordination or responsibilities are more complex than the example in the book.Compare with PRINCE2, PMBOK is more likely to run the project by the project sponsor rather than outsource to external vendor. It is because the book of PMBOK is written from the point of view of the project sponsor rather than the external vendor. Furthermore, PMBOK has discuss much in human resource management, financial management or procurement management more than PRINCE2.As this papers topic, it is talking about a construction company would like to implement an electronic project management system for construction project.Of course, construction company always in running a construction project. Therefore, project management skills and tech niques are their professional and specialty. Although, construction company is a specialist in project management, they are only professional in building project but not software implementation.Since, construction industry is a complicated industry and almost all building project is outsource and subletting to their subcontractor. Therefore, the electronic project management system also needs to deal with different kind of supplier and processes.In the case, the heavily and robust documentation system of PRINCE2 may help to write down all necessary information about the software project. Moreover, outsource and subletting already has best practice in construction industry, it is an easy task for the construction company instead of running the project by themselves.So, PRINCE2 is most prefer to use as the software project management methodology in the construction industry.Bibliography2005.Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2.2005 ed. TSO (The Stationery Office).2000. A Guide To The Project Management Body Of Knowledge. 2000 ed. Project Management InstituteReference1 PRINCE2, p132 PMBOK, p73 PRINCE2, p2344 PMBOK, p125 PRINCE2, p3416 PRINCE2, p3417 PRINCE2, p3458 PRINCE2, p3519 PRINCE2, p36010 PRINCE2, p36111 PRINCE2, p37912 PRINCE2, p23313 PRINCE2, p23614 PRINCE2, p28515 PMBOK, p41

Methods of Data Collection

Methods of Data Collection1. INTRODUCTIONThis report consists of how entropy argon fooled and what are the methods to collect information for look into. To improve a research better one or for more learning of bad-tempered thing which is to be examined. In this report a brief weigh of method of collecting data by primary data and lower-ranking data with their classifications will be observed.2. Methods of collecting primary dataOBSERVATIONQUESTIONNAIRESEMI-STRUCTURED AND IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW.2.1 OBSERVATIONObservation means finding what people do, what they need, etc It combines of recording, describing, analysis and interpretation of people behavior. Observation are two different types,PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION.In participant observation researcher will involve with subject activities and live and being a member of group. E.g. . only documentary films are all of this broad.This type roles areComplete participantComplete observerObserver as participant actor as observer.Graphic al repre moveation of participant observation researcher rolesParticipant as observer complete participantObserver as participant complete observerSTRUCTURED OBSERVATION.As the heading its self describes about what kind of observation are done in it. Its a structured way of dealing data collection method, which involves in high level of predetermine structured .It form only some part of data collection. Ex A daily attendance sheet, planning sheet.2.2 SEMI STRUCTURED AND IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWSIt involves in interviewing a somebody or on group. Where interview are classified into structured, semi-structured, unstructured interviews. In structured interviews a format of question are followed for some limited criteria to be handled, which consists of standard questions.For semi-structured interviews it is based on optioning the customer to select their preferred section of questions. Whereas unstructured interviews deals with in depth involvement in a token or interested area.Interviews are done by face to face and group interviews. Face to face interviews can figure out a person behavior, but group interview show how groups are mingled together and how they differ one another.HOW CAN THESE TYPE OF INTERVIEWS ARE USEFUL IN RESEARCH2.3 QUESTIONNARIEIt is a general way of collecting data, in which person is asked to answer for same set of questions in order. It is very easy to ask question for some study or research. Most of the research use questionnaire as their weapon for collecting information. This can be involved in individual level so consume size also be larger one. An interesting one in questionnaire is modes of responding to it.Telephonic panorama.Mail (postal) survey.E-mail survey.QUESTIONNARIE SELECTION CHART2.3.1 Telephonic surveyIt is a common method followed where researcher and respondent are unknown. So limited data are collected from this method. Due to limitations it restrict questionnaire format to smaller one. headspring must be easier for re spondent to answer quickly. Question must not be longer one which consume more time. To handle this survey a trained person must be interviewing. Answers to question can be entered directly on an excel-sheet to save time.2.3.2 Mail (postal) surveyIt is average form of survey where respondent and questionnaire cannot contact directly and without any interaction. Questioner should be preplanned about design and structure of question to be framed in such a way that respondent could answer it without neglecting any question. Questions must be in an order like easy, average, difficult, which can earn a valuable survey. Time are more valued in surveys.2.3.3 E-mail surveyE-mail survey are close to hot survey where people are gather by means of internet. It can be performed in two way by e-mailing or using online survey. Just as mail an e-mail can be sent to respondent for answering but they may not reply for it, due to some reasons. Online survey are better because they answer then and there so data are collected faster than mailing. Today html pages are used to frame survey questions. And exciting one for survey is Google forms which are oftentimes useful for researcher to get job done.3. METHODS OF COLLECTING SECONDARY DATACollecting unoriginal data involves in finding publications, project and research reports, ERP/data warehouse and mining, internet/web for your necessary of research details.3.1 PUBLICATIONSIt refers to printed media like newspapers, textbooks, magazines, journals and reports. These are otherwise known as reference material, which contains wide source of data. queryers follow secondary data as their first priority than primary data because it will lead them to a prissy or complete view of research for their individual topics. As every publications have topic specified to itself, researchers can find easily the source of topic in a systematic manner. To search these publications proper guide lines also required.3.2 ERP/DATAWAREHOUSES AND MININGFor every organization ERP are implemented to gather information about finance, commercial, accounts, production, marketing, RD etcHow do ERP helps in research, since it has data stored day by day, months and yearly basis to compute as integrated one. Researcher of different phenomenon can easily track those information by authorized person of such organization for their data collection. ERP has different sectors combined for example if a researcher form financial sector comes to verify how organization development in that particular sector, he/she can collect information from ERP. Mostly these data are considered as primary data.Data warehouses are secondary data, where large tot up of data are stored. These data cannot be analyzed manually. So software for analyzing it is Data Mining Software, this will segregate all kinds of data and use statistical techniques to analyze data. Some techniques used by this software are variance analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, e tc. It is a statistical and information technologies software. To create these software so of vendors of it are, excel miner, SPSS, SAS and SYSSTAT. Data mining is automated process where some features are selected by user.3.3 Internet/webMost basic way collecting secondary data is to search through web. As we know internet search topic and words related thing easily and fast where surplus amount of data are founded in thousands of websites all over the world. It includes all e-textbooks, journals, government reports. To search our results through internet search are provided those are GOOGLE, YAHOO, etc. all these search engines can show several sites but one must choose correct data related to topic of research involves. Most popular website for collecting data are Wikipedia for researcher, where note of particular topic are gives with reference site to get detailed study about research topics. round OF THE IMPORTANT WEBSITES4. conclusionFrom the given information we know about wh at are primary data and secondary data and how to collect those data from various resources. Research must be valuable one so data collection must be done enormously to predict correct result of analysis. auxiliary data can be added in research reports but there must be some data which show your involvement in research process. Research is an endless process because as time changes strategy of reports containing details also vary due to respondent are not same in nature. A research about a topic gives overview, detailed and explanation according to research types. At last collection of data are most important for research because it act as proof or evidence of your valuable reports.Table of Contents PG NOINTRODUCTION 1METHODS OF COLLECTING master(a) DATA 1OBSERVATION 12.1.1 PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION2.1.2 STRUCTURED OBSERVATION 22.2 SEMI STRUCTURED AND INDEPTH INTERVIEWS 32.3 QUESTIONNARIE 42.3.1 TELEPHONIC plenty 52.3.2 POSTAL SURVEY 52.3.3 E-MAIL SURVEY 5METHODS OF COLLECTING SECO NDARY DATA 6PUBLICATIONS 6ERP/DATA WAREHOUSES AND MINING 6INTERNET/WEB 7CONCLUSION 8REFERENCESPEARSON EDUCATION/ THIRD EDITION/ RESEARCH METHODS FOR telephone circuit STUDENTS/ Mark Saunders/Philip Lewis/Adrian Thorn hillSAGE PUBLICATIONS/ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH/ Jonathan Wilson.TATA McGraw HILL/STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT/ G.C.BERI.

Irony and Social Commentary in Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Auste

Irony and social commentary in Pride and lossLike any other society, nineteenth-century England had its share of foppish fools andfawning leeches, hot-blooded lovers and garrulous, gossiping women. While few people exhibitthese failings with abandonment, few escape their maculate altogether. In the novel Pride andPrejudice, the author Jane Austen satirizes these instances of not social evils rather,unpleasant social peculiarities, via a most careful use of irony in the dialogues and thoughts of whatever of her most delightful characters. The main character indulging in this precious commodityis Mr. Bennet, whom Austen considers important enough that a razor-sharp wit forms a unavoidable part of his personality. The irony is chiefly exhibited in two ways a general ambiencethat results from a frequent use of satirical language (as for instance, the regular use ofantithesis in the conversations) and brief but concentrated attacks by Mr. Bennet against allforms of foolishness harmle ss or otherwise. All the formulaic mannerisms affected by thepeople in his society as well as the social obligations that create them become the target of Mr.Bennets criticism. However, it is clear that Mr. Bennet is precise much a part of the society that heso readily despises. That he persists in making fun of it is what makes his ripostes so rife withincongruity.The novel contains a large array of conversations between different characters theseconversations are, in keeping with the style that prevailed in that period, quite elaborate, indeedsometimes to the point of tedium. Austen portrays an attitude of unflagging tedium in Mr.Bennet when confronted with such speeches, through his incessant ironic asides. T... ...eaning in these seemingly innocuous words, for the former implies prostitution and the latter a dishonorable pregnancy with a bastard child. Given the venomous character of such fairlycommonplace gossip even among the presumably respectable rural middle-class tis nowonder that Austen rallies against such a harmful form of frivolity.Austen therefore uses the difficult tool of irony to great effect in portraying thefoolishness two harmful and harmless which afflicts most people. In doing so, sheeffectively delivers social commentary presumably for the purpose of correcting these defects incharacter of her fellow Englishmen. Along the way, the reader is delightfully entertained by thefools inhabiting Pride and Prejudice as well as the personalities that persist in denouncing it, ina manner that is at times more(prenominal) farcical than satirical.6

The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood :: essays research papers fc

James Fils-Aime      The Handmaids Tale Fact or Fiction     The Handmaids Tale is a dystopian novel in which Atwood creates a world which seems absurd and near impossible. Women being kept in slavery lonesome(prenominal) to create babies, cult like religious control over the population, and the deportation of an entire race, these things all seem like fiction. However Atwoods novel is closer to circumstance than fiction all the events which take place in the story have a base in the real world as well as a historical precedent. Atwood establishes the world of Gilead on historical events as well as the social and political trends which were taking place during her life time in the 1980s. Atwood shows her audience through political and historical reference that Gilead was and is closer than most people realize. Atwood closely scrutinizes Colonial America, back in the 1700s it was a society founded on religion and ran as a theocratic order. Puri tans who had just fled Europe for religions freedom settled in the Americas where they could run their society in the way they saw fit. in particular in New England, religious freedom was not allowed, and people were punished by the courts for failing to uphold the common religions requirements. Those who were not of a proper(postnominal) symbol of Christianity were considered heathens. Men who controlled the society enforced rules on others based on their interpretations of the bible. They believed that "as Gods elect, had the duty to direct national affairs according to Gods will as revealed in the Bible." (3) Later on puritanical control faded but in the South there was the enslavement and resulting racism toward blacks. Again so called male leadership of society promote injustice and oppression in order to benefit themselves. Atwood also uses her novel to comment briefly on the issues of race, those not of a specific type of Christianity or skin color were sent away to the colonies, or killed. The "children of Ham", which in the bible represent the descendants of the black race, are relocated outside of Gilead. Even the location in which she places Gilead is reminiscent of early American for Boston, Massachusetts was a puritan center. The world of Gilead which Atwood is a society controlled by force-out hungry men who use religion as a means of control. Atwood also references the oppression of Jews during the holocaust in her novel. Under Hitlers rule 6 jillion Jews were killed, and many more sent to concentration camps where they were mistreated by their captors.