Loanable Funds Theory - 5819 Words

JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE EDUCATION †¢ Volume 6 †¢ Number 1 †¢ Summer 2007 48 Reconsidering the Introduction to Interest Rate Theory S. Kirk Elwood1 ABSTRACT The various theories of interest rate determination presented in economics textbooks each spotlight a particular fundamental force behind the equilibrium rate. Unfortunately, each theory’s successful emphasis of one determinant of the interest rate comes at the cost of distorting some other aspect of its determination. This paper argues that the basic market analysis of debt securities (e.g., bonds and commercial paper) left out of most macroeconomic as well as money and banking textbooks provides a straightforward and practical perspective on interest rate determination†¦show more content†¦But they never extend the analysis to show how interest rates are generally determined by debt securities markets. Most intermediate texts similarly discuss the inverse relationship between interest rates and bond prices without mentioning the markets where those prices are determined (e.g., Blanchard 2003, and DeLong and Olney 2006). Able and Bernanke (2005) go a little further by acknowledging that changes in money demand affect bond holdings, but still no debt securities market is developed. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE EDUCATION †¢ Volume 6 †¢ Number 1 †¢ Summer 2007 49 This distinction between debt securities prices and interest rates – on which more will be said below – is supported by the fact that the actual markets where their joint values are determined are explicitly debt securities markets. Bond markets – primary as well as secondary – and commercial paper markets quote either the prices or discount rates of their debt securities, and leave the corresponding interest rate to be inferred. The â€Å"interest rate† is a pricing term generally spoken outside of the larger financial markets by retail borrowers and lenders such as local banks.3 In addition to the great familiarity with interest rates by those who borrow or lend through banks, most economists dependably refer to interest rates instead of debt securities’ prices because it is assumed that economic agents think in terms of interestShow MoreRelated2.2 Theoretical Literature. 2.2.1 Theoretical Literature1075 Words   |  5 Pages Classical Theory of Interest rate This theory was developed by economists like Prof. Pigou, Prof. Marshall, Walras, Knight etc. According to this theory, Interest is the reward for the productive use of the capital which is equal to the marginal productivity of physical capital. The classical theorists regarded interest rate as an equilibrating factor between the demand for and the supply of investible funds. Investment represents the demand for investible funds, and interestRead MoreEconomics Notes: Small and Open Economies, Growth, Aggregate Supply and Demand926 Words   |  4 Pagesborrowing more expensive, the quantity of loanable funds demanded falls as the interest rate rises. The supply and demand for loanable funds depend on the real interest rate and not nominal. Increase in saving = shift the supply of loanable funds to the right = reduces the interest rate. (graphique page 181) Increase in investment = demand for loanable funds increase = interest rise. Incentive to increase investment = increase in quantity of loanable funds demanded When the government has a budgetRead MoreCarl Menger s Principles Of Economics1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumable output. The economy is at full employment and it is using all of its resources when it is along the curve. The bottom graph is the loanable funds market. On the x-axis there is quantity of loanable funds and on the y-axis is interest rate. Austrians believe that the money that is not spent on consumable goods is then saved and turned into loanable funds. Similar to the MPC, there is always a percentage of money that the consumer does not spend. If a person deposits their savings into aRead MoreTheu.s Gross Domestic Product ( Gdp )1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfor jobs since they will be willing to accept low wages. So even if easier monetary policy is adopts inflation will not rise. According to the classical economists, there is no effect of monetary policies on the real variables. The provided quantity theory of money: MV=PY If there is an increase in money supply this will shift the LM curve to the down and this will lower the rate of interest. With lower interest rate there is a higher investment and this will shift the AD curve to the right and increasesRead MoreWhat Are The Three Reasons The Aggregate Demand Curve Slopes Downward?960 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can then place in financial intermediaries (banks) who can in turn loan those funds out. An increase in the supply of loanable funds decreases the interest rate for borrowing funds, enticing people/businesses to borrow funds for investment purposes, increasing the demand for goods and services. If the price level increases, consumers will have less money to place in banks, depleting the supply of loanable funds, which will increase the interest rate deterring individuals from borrowing. ThisRead MoreFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies1193 Words   |  5 Pagesfiscal policy can be used to raise income, stimulate spending and increase levels of pr oduction in a given economy, be it open or closed. Gradually, as unemployment falls, this sequence allows the economy to move towards full employment. As with most theories, expansionary fiscal policy does indeed have its criticisms and downfalls. If a given household’s expenditure were to be higher than the household’s income, it would spell financial trouble unless the extra spending can be funded somehow. SimilarlyRead MoreEcon 1103- Practice Midterm Exam2153 Words   |  9 Pagescomparative advantage in both beef and wine c) Canada has an absolute advantage in beef and a comparative advantage in wine d) Argentina has an absolute advantage in wine and a comparative advantage in beef 6. According to the data in Table 1 and the theory of comparative advantage: a) Canada should export both goods and Argentina should export neither good b) Argentina should export both goods and Canada should export neither good c) Canada should export beef and Argentina should export wine d)Read MoreHigh Saving Promotes Faster Growth2505 Words   |  11 Pagesby 5% from 2007, positive growth was still seen. This suggests China coped better during the economic recession and thereby could suggest is less susceptible to downturn in the future, helping to ensure the long run prosperity of the economy. The theory behind this is that during uncertain times, households with savings to fall back on are less likely to reduce consumption immediately. Hence, aggregate demand should not fall as profoundly as households can still purchase the same level of goods andRead MoreOptimism in the Long Run2012 Words   |  9 Pagespolicies the Fed is using to stimulate economic growth are: 1. Very low interest rates (Federal funds rate and discount rate) 2. Quantitative Easing Program: Spending $65B (down from $75B) a month on the purchase of U.S. Government bonds from banks Quantitative easing increases the banks supply of loanable funds. Additionally, the Fed controls the interest rates for banks to loan money to one another (Federal Funds rate) and to borrow directly from the Fed (Discount rate). Banks take loans from other banksRead MoreA New Production Facility At Chine For Apple Essay2072 Words   |  9 Pageswas 22% of GDP, but the growth in spending was decreased. In the 1990 s, the U.S. experienced increased growth due to the introduction of new technology in production to speed up the output of products. This new technology afforded companies the funds to hire more employs and increase profit. This consumer demand leads to stock prices going through the roof, leading to the inevitable bubble bursting and stock prices plunging in 2000. This was the beginning of the recession that hit the U.S. hard

Analysis Of The Book The Night - 1207 Words

Alan strode out the door just as skittish as he was when he walked in. He went over his plan in his head a countless amount of times. He was meeting Diana for dinner that night. He was going to put the potion into her wine. Diana wasn’t aware that Alan had such a tremendous admiration for her. He was strolling along, almost to the restaurant when a bluebird swooped down and snatched the love potion from Alan’s grip. â€Å"Ah-ah-oh you come back here bird! That’s mine!† shrieked Alan. He dashed after the bird until he could no longer run. The bird landed, and Alan could see the bird sipping the potion. Alan’s jaw dropped. He pondered upon what it would do to animals. The wise man hadn’t said anything about animals. â€Å"That was supposed to be for Diana! Now what am I going to do?† Alan spoke out loud to himself. The bird was staring at him. â€Å"Go away bird.† However, the bird did not go away. Instead, it fle w over to Alan and landed right on his shoulder. Alan shooed the bird off of his shoulder and started pacing towards the restaurant where he was meeting Diana. He was still going to meet Diana, even if she wasn’t going to fall in love with him today. Alan stepped up to the door of the restaurant. It was a glass door so he could see his reflection. He could also see the bird’s reflection. The bird was right behind him. He had followed Alan all the way to the restaurant. â€Å"You need to leave,† Alan commanded the bird. Then, Alan realized what wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Night 964 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction happened. Wanda had no choice but sat on the dusty floor while the thick chemistry book set under her butt as she used it as her cushion. Not more than ten minutes later, a sound of footsteps growing near her, triggered Wanda to straight up her body and peeked behind the wall to find out whose footstep was that. It was Chris. He was balancing a pile of books in his hand. Most of the books are from the library, and Wanda guessed that he was searching for more information about whatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe night is brisk and even with the thick suede jacket pulled over the man’s shoulders he is still freezing. He should mind the frozen temperatures, but he doesn’t because he has just won a vast amount of money off a bet. Money that he can spend on luxuries that he doesn’t need but believes he deserves. He smiles to himself, walking along the cold roads. Occasionally passersby will bump into him and cautious to pickpockets, he pats the pocket that holds the thick envelope of money. Maybe he’ll stopRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 8 50 Words   |  4 Pagesthinks it is for the name Rachel while everyone else believes it the is German word for revenge. By the science of deduction he learns that the woman and was poison and was traveling because parts of her was wet when it did not rain in London the night before. He then notices her suitcase is missing and this was the murders mistake. Holmes leaves quickly and leaves Watson alone at the crime scene. He heads to the main road to get a taxi. As he walks down the road he notices the phones keep ringingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night Essay764 Words   |  4 Pagesif you really want to, talk to Syd†¦the Sofria that lives here. She is very good with plants, but you may end up with her a lot of time with her since all of her books are in those strange marks. I’ll be honest. I don’t think there is meaning in those marks. I think she is really smart, and all the information is in her head. The books are just for show.† â€Å"I’ll ask.† They walked the garden, Tizbeth studying the different plants, thinking of questions. Lord Donovan was insulted when he told herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1151 Words   |  5 Pageswhile on the road, Seth screws up his courage enough to profess his love for Lyla. She freaks out. Unable to deal with Seth, Lyla leaves him a note, saying that she does not see Seth in the same light that he does her and flees in the middle of the night. Unable to return home and depressed that he scared off Lyla, he meets a mage named Jay-with-a-J tangled in enormous brambles. He rescues him with a fire spell and learns of the alternative group of naturalists called druids. Able to manipulate lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 852 Words   |  4 PagesWith a basket on his back and an arm filled with a rifle, Eustace started out with his husky, Hunter, to check his traps. The black spotted, white fluff pounced forward with determination, well acquainted with the trap-line, howl ing and barking as he went ahead of Eustace along the Yaak River. Mornings like this along the trickling river with nobody and nothing, but greenery and his furry, elusive neighbors in sight in their natural orchestral of bustling calls made Eustaces transition from anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1325 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary. Thank you for the offer. But- really. I’m fine. I promise to be quieter.† â€Å"I can help-† â€Å"No, really, I almost have it. Sorry for frightening you,† Jemma said. Daisy sighed, â€Å"Alright. Well, good night, Jemma.† She turned around and walked to the door. She locked it. â€Å"Good night, Fitz!† She called out before slamming the door closed. â€Å"Lock the door next time you do shenanigans!† The man beneath Jemma started snickering. She looked down at him disapprovingly, â€Å"It’s not funny!† She exclaimedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night 1048 Words   |  5 Pageshappened to Elie and was one of the main conflicts of the story, â€Å"Night†. As you can see in the book he loved going to his mosque and his love of God, however, as the story went on his faith slowly deteriorated and crumbled away even though he fought hard to keep it. This can happen to the best of people and there is no way to control it unless you are strong with your beliefs. This was the case for Elie In the beginning of the book because he was excited about his path with God and would talk withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1512 Words   |  7 PagesCameron, a young man, awoke abruptly. It was another long night in 2257 AD near modern day China. â€Å"Another nightmare,† he whispered under his breath.Panting heavily, he turns and puts his feet on the cold, damp wooden floor. Standing up, he let out a yawn as he stretched. â€Å"Well I guess I better go eat some breakfast,† he said to himself. As he goes down the stairs he passes his father’s room. Cracking the door open he could see his father sprawled out on the floor covered in glass bottles. â€Å"DrunkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1226 Words   |  5 PagesRicendithas stood after this meeting was adjourned, disinterestedly looking around the room as he then followed Stella out into the main room. He hadn t missed Soyeon giving him the stink eye; if anyth ing, it only brightened his mood that he d managed to ruffle her feathers so nicely. And while they were going down the stairs, Ric just looked about while ignoring her little tryst about not touching anything. Do I look like some common thief? he muttered, his visible green eye shooting downstairs

America and the Computer Industry Essay Example For Students

America and the Computer Industry Essay Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U. S. and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the omputer has changed nearly every aspect of peoples lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computers ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by urning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father who was a tax collector (Soma, 32). In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by and stored data oncards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punchcards. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for uch a device (Soma, 46). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1850 and 1900 there were great advances in mathematics and physics that began to rekindle the interest (Osborne, 45). Many of these new advances involved complex calculations and formulas that were very time consuming for human calculation. The first major use for a computer in the U. S. was during the 1890 census. Two men, Herman Hollerith and James Powers, developed a new punched-card system that could automatically read information on cards without human intervention (Gulliver, 82). Since the population of the U. S. as increasing so fast, the computer was an essential tool in tabulating the totals. These advantages were noted by commercial industries and soon led to the development of improved punch-card business-machine systems by International Business Machines (IBM), Remington-Rand, Burroughs, and other corporations. By modern standards the punched-card machines were slow, typically processing from 50 to 250 cards per minute, with each card holding up to 80 digits. At the time, however, punched cards were an enormous step forward; they provided a means of input, output, and memory storage on a massive scale. For more than 50 years ollowing their first use, punched-card machines did the bulk of the worlds business computing and a good portion of the computing work in science (Chposky, 73). By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aikens machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations. Also, it had special built-in programs to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Mark I was controlled from prepunched paper tape. Output was by card punch and electric typewriter. It was slow, requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication, but it was fully automatic and could complete long computations without human intervention (Chposky, 103). The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. New weapons systems were produced which needed trajectory tables and other essential data. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator. It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers (Dolotta, 47). ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to essentially re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was, however, efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955 (Dolotta, 50). Mathematician John von Neumann was very interested in the ENIAC. In 1945 he undertook a theoretical study of computation that demonstrated that a computer could have a very simple and yet be able to execute any kind of computation effectively by means of proper programmed control without the need for any changes in hardware. Satanism Sociology/Psychology I Am Hoping I Can Somehow Make This Seem EssayIn 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. , an engineer at the Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the deveopment of the computer began (Shallis, 121). A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. However, at that time the manufacturing methods were not good enough to accomplish such a task. About 1960 hotoprinting of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring became highly developed. Then it became possible to build resistors and capacitors into the circuitry by photographic means (Rogers, 142). In the 1970s entire assemblies, such as adders, shifting registers, and counters, became available on tiny chips of silicon. In the 1980s very large scale integration (VLSI), in which hundreds of thousands of transistors are placed on a single chip, became increasingly common. Many companies, some new to the computer field, introduced in the 1970s programmable minicomputers supplied with software packages. The size-reduction rend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals (Rogers, 153). One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380 (Rose, 32). The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved pushing buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didnt include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited (Jacobs, 53). Even though, many orders came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their start in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business (Fluegelman, 16). After the introduction of the Altair 8800, the personal computer industry became a fierce battleground of competition. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard hen they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975 (Chposky, 156). However, the newly formed Apple Computer company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II (The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniaks garage, which was not produced on a wide scale). Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software system (Rose, 37). Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsofts. This would lead to huge profits for Microsoft (Cringley, 163). The main goal of the computer manufacturers was to make the computer as affordable as possible while increasing speed, reliability, and capacity. Nearly every computer manufacturer accomplished this and computers popped up everywhere. Computers were in businesses keeping track of inventories. Computers were in colleges aiding students in research. Computers were in laboratories making complex calculations at high speeds for scientists and physicists. The computer had made its mark everywhere in society and built up a huge industry (Cringley, 174). The future is promising for the computer industry and its technology. The speed of processors is expected to double every year and a half in the coming years. As manufacturing techniques are further perfected the prices of computer systems are expected to steadily fall. However, since the microprocessor technology will be increasing, its higher costs will offset the drop in price of older processors. In other words, the price of a new computer will stay about the same from year to year, but technology will steadily increase (Zachary, 42) Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing tart into one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the United States. It now comprises thousands of companies, making everything from multi- million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year (Malone, 192). Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of peoples lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyones life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history.

Twelfth Night, Or What You Will Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night, Or What You Will Essay With Twelfth Night, Shakespeare provides us with an extravagantly farfetched and thoroughly entertaining romantic comedy. He goes to all extremes to make this play unpredictable and unconventional, while staying within the boundaries of earlier romantic comedy enough to make this his most exaggerated, supreme romantic comedy. In an age where popularity for romantic comedy had already greatly dwindled, Shakespeare did everything possible to make Twelfth Night his grand finale of this particular genre of festive, lighthearted comedies. He implements many new ideas in this play with his use of altered gender roles, untraditional relationships, and marriages involving unusual circumstances. At the same time, he stays within the traditional formula for romantic comedy that he used in his earlier works. The result is a play that has evolved from it’s traditional form, yet goes all out to exaggerate and accentuate all things that make a romantic comedy. The use of disguises, mistaken identity, and twins are nothing new to Shakespeare, as it is seen in earlier plays like As You Like It and A Comedy of Errors. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night, Or What You Will specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As in other Shakespearean works, Viola uses reversed gender as a disguise with which she gains many things, such as access to a male dominated world, control over her own fortune, and a relationship with Orsino, with whom she ends up falling in love with and marrying. A side effect of this is that, to Viola’s surprise, she is the only person in the play â€Å"man enough† to win the love of the most sought after woman in Illyria. Women have fallen in love with other women in disguise in previous Shakespearean comedies. However, the aspect of a twin brother, coming into the play and taking over the role of himself from his sister, and no one being able to tell who is who is a more original twistand seems an appropriate addition to this whimsical comedy. While it’s farfetched under the close scrutiny of the video we watched, it would have been wonderful performed on a stage of the early seventeenth century, and regardless of where the play is performed, it’s not a challenge to convince oneself that it’s all quite believable. The most peculiar part of this play takes place in the closing act, when a plethora of completely bizarre marriages and relationships culminate. In an era where marriages outside of one’s social class, particularly in the aristocracy, are extremely rare to nonexistent, they come out of the woodwork at the conclusion of this play. As if that weren’t odd enough, all of the marriages have additional extenuating circumstance that would make them seem out of place regardless of the social mobility issue. Olivia, who has been unapproachable for men throughout the play due to excessive grieving over her lost brother, decides she is completely in love with Viola and wants to marry her/him, without very much of anything resembling courtship. Although it’s fine by her, it could be said that Olivia was tricked into getting married, as she doesn’t know her groom’s true identity until after the fact. Orsino, after crooning over Olivia the entirety of the play, doesn’t take time to cry over her, but, upon discovering Viola’s true identity, says, â€Å"Oh, what the hell. I think I’ll get married too†. Yet again in this instance, no courtship takes place, as Orsino only knows Viola’s true gender for a few seconds before deciding they’d make a perfect couple. Then comes the unexplained marriage of Sir Toby and Maria, for which the only explanation offered is that they had such a good time scheming against Malvolio that they decided to make it a permanent partnership. None of these motivations are logical or make any sense at all. .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .postImageUrl , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:visited , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:active { border:0!important; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:active , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Seven Stages of Grieving EssayPaired with the fact that all three marriages involved upward movement in social status, this makes for a humdinger of an ending that doesn’t quite fit the mold. Normally Shakespeare’s characters, although they may get a glimpse into a different way of life, always return to their relegated places in society. In Twelfth Night however, the main characters all end up challenging convention and normality for seemingly absent reasons, which, although not logical, certainly proves to be good, humorous entertainment, and the conclusion of one of Shakespeare’s last and greatest romantic comedies.

Hypercorrecting A Well-known Phrase

Hypercorrecting A Well-known Phrase Hypercorrecting A Well-known Phrase Hypercorrecting A Well-known Phrase By Maeve Maddox The phrase all men are created equal has to be one of the best known in the world. Indeed, it’s used so often that it has become a clichà ©. The phrase is, of course, from Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence (1776). It also occurs in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address (1863). It’s a lovely phrase and I can understand why we like to use it. Lately, however, I’ve been noticing statements like these: Not all charity products are created equally. Not all online content is created equally. . . . not all apps are created equally. Are all IT professionals created equally? Are All Forms Of Niacin Created Equally? I think the â€Å"equally† must find its way into these sentences because the writer unconsciously wants to follow a verb with an adverb. If what the writers of these sentences mean to say is that these things are â€Å"not of equal worth,† then I think they should be writing equal and not equally. Especially if they are intentionally echoing the words of the Declaration of Independence: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. Using the adverb equally places the emphasis on the act of making; using the adjective equal places the emphasis on the quality of the thing that has been created. POSTSCRIPT: In researching this post I discovered the existence of Mum Bett, an American Founding Mother of whom I’d never heard. She should be in the school books along with Sojourner Truth. You can read about her here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowSelect vs. SelectedDouble Possessive

buy custom Government and Communication Testing essay

buy custom Government and Communication Testing essay Advances in communication such as social networking websites, texting and e-mailing actually hurt real-life interpersonal relationships rather than make them stronger. 1. People prefer less movement a) Due to the cost saving aspect b) Due to the time saving aspect 2. There is reduced need for face-to-face meetings a) Due to the ability of having face to face talking over technological media b) Due to the reduced movement required 3. Text messaging, emailing and social networking sites take up majority of peoples time preventing physical interaction a) When chatting via technological media time is consumed as mximum attention is required b) When people chat with multiple people, maximum time and concentration is required Government controlled dietary restrictions on such food additives as trans-fatty acids, high-fructose corn syrup, and sodium will help to prevent obesity and hyperactivity in children and keep medical costs down for adults 1. The government has the most influence in the society a) The government influences most of the decisions made by the society thus can control the diets of the people b) The government can influence the societys diets by launching campaigns 2. The government has the ability to enforce a law that makes it compulsory to follow their dietary procedures> a) Due to it being the law making entity, the government can pass a legislation that commands the people to take better dietary measures for their children to reduce the obesity rates b) The government can also enact punishments for the people who fail to adhere to its regulations about better diets for the children. 3. The government funds most of the hospitals where this medical care is offered and therefore it influence the advice given to the patients suffering from the diet caused ailments. a) The government can threaten to pull their funding from hospitals that do not adhere to good diet programs for children b) Programs can also be introduced to regulate which parents are observing the good diets for their children Buy custom Government and Communication Testing essay

Pricing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pricing Strategy - Case Study Example Pricing must show a positive correlation with other elements of the mix so as to achieve the objectives of a firm. In addition, pricing is complex as it must imitate the demand and supply relationship of the product. Firms need to charge a fair price, since charging too high for the product or too low might lead to reduction in sales for the organization thus reducing the profitability of the organization. Therefore, there is a need for the hotel to consider the profit factors in determining the price of the product. In this case, the profit factors includes; the objectives of the company, variable and fixed cost associated with the product, the targeted market and willingness and ability to pay, the competition environment prevailing in the industry and planned positioning strategies (Smith and Smith 271). In the consideration, of the above classification, the place or rather the location of the hotel is vital for pricing. Avira hotel is strategically situated, where in the neighbor hood there various tourist attraction site thus offering the possibility a wider a market. Also, the hotel operates from an area which is close to the airport, bank and various garden as well as other recreational areas. This implies that the many of the customers are individuals who have a higher willingness ability to pay; therefore, the price must reflect this consideration (Smith and Smith 282). The strategic positioning in an area where there demand of the hotels implies the price charged by the hotel must reflect the supply constrain, since there are only five-star hotels in the area, while the number of the customer is higher. This implies that demand is considerably high since it is only in the month may that the hotels products experienced an average of about 50% occupancy this justifies the move by the hotel review it price so as to reflect this relationship (Smith and Smith 289). Another pricing strategy showcased in this case is the level of competition in the hotel indu stry in the region. There are only five-star hotels serving a wide, thus, the completion between the hotels is not intense as demand is in excess of supply. This implies that, for a hotel to be more competitive than the other hotel so that it can control the large proportion market, therefore, they must consider the pricing strategy so as to maximize on large production thus benefiting from the economies of scale. In respect to competition, the customers consider the utility they derive and compare this to the price that they pay for the product. It is evident that the price that Avari hotel is slightly higher than that of its key competitor Pearl. Usually consumers will pay higher for a commodity if they think that the commodity is superior as compared to the others. In this case, when Avira lowered its price in the month of November lower than its competitors Pearl; that is pearl charges $1065 and Avira $1000. Pearl occupancy level rises to 80% as compared to 70% Avira. This has t he implication that consumers equate the price they pay to the utility or satisfaction they derive from consuming these products. Avira also utilizes premium pricing, where it charges higher prices for its products to show the how its product is exclusive as compared to the product offered by other firms and especially competition. This case can be delineated by the ever higher price charged by Avira as compared to Pearl. In addition to this, the

Do journalists have an ethical responsibility towards future audiences Essay

Do journalists have an ethical responsibility towards future audiences as producers of the first draft of history - Essay Example Ethics and journalism have always had an uneasy relationship, James Carey (1987) states that ethics were introduced as an attempt to control journalists, he is of the view that ethics reflect status and class conflict between the owners of the press, the readers and the reporters. Other theories surrounding the emergence of ethics in journalism state that it was an attempt to stop large corporations from giving freebies and junkets to journalists in return for a favourable piece in the press (Christi 1989). In the modern world, journalism ethics are fundamentally governed by the Human Rights; which includes the right to freedom of expression, the right to privacy and the right to information. Society’s expectations of the press and mass media also contribute towards deciding of journalistic ethics. Journalists and the mass media have influential power, which is inherent in their role as informers to the general public. It is their fundamental duty to provide complete informati on, and not distort the picture in any way; however it is easier said than done. Not only are journalists reporters; but they are also human beings, with an opinion. They have a particular view of circumstances,and do not always see the truth; therefore it is important that they carry out their task as objectively as possible and not involve their own opinion- for their opinion can distort the facts . As Wolfgang Donsbach (1992) points that ethical journalism consists of the efforts of finding out complete information, and present the facts in a neutral way. Journalists who state their opinion, and influence facts to back up their opinion are not only unprofessional, but also un-ethical. An opposing view is expressed by Malcom (1989) where he states every journalist... Do journalists have an ethical responsibility towards future audiences as producers of the first draft of history? Information is an increasingly important resource and journalists play a crucial role in producing and disseminating that information. Technology has made broadcasting information easier, which makes information more powerful, and therefore makes journalists the carriers of this power. Journalists have influential power on the public; their views can shape decisions and recollections of past events. Given the freedom of expression, journalists now have the power to hold the government accountable for their misgivings, they are able to raise questions on behalf of the public and subsequently force the government to correct their mistakes. They can make history, alter how we remember history and choose what not to include in history. Journalism, Ethics and Society In a democratic world, journalist have the responsibility of reporting corruption, abuse of power and any other item of information that the public has the right to know. They have a special political purpose to seek the trut h, and resist the pressure to convey distortions. Journalism is indeed a first draft of memory, as Zarecka (1994) states, thatthe elements of the past that are remembered are worth knowing about. Hence journalists must seek to solidify the pieces of information that are deemed to go down in history books, and to conceptualize them by depicting them through mass media.

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay Example for Free

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay The purpose of the Management Challenges and Concerns Report is to indicate the responsibilities of management and how to meet or exceed company goals. This report includes details of management challenges within a company. In addition, this report specifies possible causes and solutions to internal issues at work. This report shall prove how strategic planning, goals, productivity, and evaluating issues play a significant role in solving issues in human resource management entities. Some of the responsibilities of human resource management consist of providing employees with information on the company’s vision, goal, HIPPA privacy rights, and mission statement. In addition, employees receive information on safety rules, insurance benefits, compensation, employee relations, training, and orientation classes. These responsibilities are significant and require patience along with strong leaders. Human Resource Managers has to acquire a bachelor’s or master’s degree in management, management classes, and pass test. Also human resource management requires the following characteristics: positive, consistent, prompt, role model, team player, and strong leaders. Performance Management consist of appraisal system, driving appraisal process, evaluating employee performance, and performance counseling (Brewster Soderstrom, 1994). Internal issues pertaining to employees consist of productivity, abiding by company rules, safety, passing training classes, and positive work ethics. Human Resource Management has rules and regulations in the company handbook to ensure consistency at work. These rules and regulations set the pace for a productive and professional workplace environment for employees and management. Internal issues may arise; however it is human resource management responsibility to solve any issues before any escalate. Employee Relations play an important role in solving internal issues by evaluation and resolution. Employee Relations consist of the following duties: grievance handling, discipline management, managing absenteeism, managing attrition, and employee termination (Brewster Larsen, 2000). Strategic planning is vital because it provides a forecast for the company to follow in efforts to exceed goals and gain a competitive advantage. Goals and productivity shall be reasonable and achievable by following rules and the company mission statement. Management shall evaluate and solve internal issues with good decision-making and by the company handbook accordingly. In conclusion, this report specifies the responsibilities of human resource management in thorough details. The elements of solving internal issues consist of following strategic plans, goals, rules, and mission statement. As a result, the company shall gain a professional workplace environment, productivity, and competitive advantage. This report proves that following strategic plans and enforcing company guidelines are the foundation to positive work ethics and suceess. Reference Brewster, C., Larsen, H. H. (2000). Human Resource Management in Europe: The Role of the Line. Human Resource Management in Northern Europe: Trends, Dilemmas and Strategy, Oxford, Blackwells . Brewster, C., Soderstrom, M. (1994). Human Resource and Line Management. Policy and Practice in European Resource Management, London, Rourledge .

Resolution of Sin in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Resolution of Sin in The Scarlet Letter    Hester Prynne is a young, beautiful woman who was sent to Boston by her husband who planned to join her but was persumed lost at sea. She looked to Arthur Dimmesdale for comfort and spiritual guidance. Their solace became passion and resulted in the sin of adultery and the birth of their daughter, Pearl. This sin had a huge impact on them and changed their lives forever. It is what the book The Scarlet Letter is all about and how different the characters dealt with it.    Hester Prynne has a strength of character. She is very honest so she openly acknowledges her sin. Hester stands on the scaffold, exposed to public humiliation, and wears a scarlet letter on her dress for the rest of her life as a sign of shame. Her beauty and warmth go away, buried under the burden of the elaborate scarlet letter on her bosom. Hester settles in a cottage at the edge of town, lives a somber life with her daughter, and earns a living with her needlework. She has to bear the contempt of the townspeople and she has nothing but her strength of spirit to sustain her.    Dimmesdale has not the strength of Hester, or her honesty, so he cannot stand alone to confess. He is a good minister and his effectiveness betrays his desire to confess. Sin and agony have enabled Dimmesdale to recognize and empathize with other sinners, but still his congregation loves him, and this tortures him even more! Dimmesdale struggles with his knowledge of his sin, his inability to disclose it to Puritan society, and his desire for penance. In an attempt to seek salvation he fasts until he faints and whips himself until he bleeds. These punishments are done in private and do not provide the cleansing Dimmesdale seeks and needs.    The life of public repentance, although bitter and difficult, helps Hester retain her good sanity while Dimmesdale seems to be losing his. His agonized suffering is the direct result of his inability to disclose his sin. Hester's ex-husband also tortures Dimmesdale very badly because of his jealousy. Dimmesdale becomes very ill as a result of his unconfessed sin.

Disasters Do Not Cause Effects. The Effects Are What We Call a Disaster

Humans are the most developed of all the living beings. They think and learn. It is in human nature to minimize the errors in anything and everything as much as possible and to try to reach as near to perfection as can be. However, humans are creatures of mistakes. No matter how small or how large, every individual makes many mistakes in their lives on personal, social, environmental, educational, professional or other levels.In this world, there is a set process and procedure for everything and for things to remain in a balance and keep functioning and working properly and appropriately, it is important that these processes and procedures keep going on in the normal usual way. When there is a disruption in these processes and procedures, disasters occur. These disasters may be on personal level, national level or global level. They may be social, political, economic, natural or of some other type. Technically, a disaster is any event, whether natural or caused by humans, that has a negative impact on the society or the world.The word â€Å"disaster† is derived from two Greek words â€Å"dis† meaning â€Å"bad† and â€Å"astro† meaning stars. It means that when the stars are in a bad state or are aligned in a wrong manner, bad things will happen. In a disaster, the victims suffer. People die or huge losses are incurred or both take place. When classified under broad categories, disasters can be divided in two types; natural disasters and disasters caused by humans. A natural disaster is any event that occurs naturally and humans have a very little or absolutely no control over it.Some examples include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, typhoons, cyclones, tornados, natural fires, etc. however, human vulnerability plays a great part for a natural hazard to turn into a natural disaster, that is, a natural hazard like an earthquake, fire, tsunami etc will not be considered a â€Å"disaster† if it occurs in such an area that is not occupied by humans or no human is affected by it or both. The greater the impact of the hazard on the human environment or the humans themselves, the greater is the disaster.In such a calamity, a good emergency management system (also known as a disaster management system) can help save lives and reduce the losses incurred, while a weak or unplanned emergency management system or the lack of one can result in huge financial, economic, social and human losses. It has however been observed that the developed nations tend to have considerably better emergency management systems and therefore incur less losses be it on the financial and economic front or the social and human front.Researches show that about 90 to 95 percent of the losses incurred due to these natural disasters every year are incurred by the underdeveloped or the developing nations especially the South East Asian countries. The second type of disasters is the disaster caused by humans. A human-made disa ster is any disaster that is caused by the mistake or misunderstanding of processes by humans. The causes may be human negligence or ignorance, a mechanical failure or any other human action. Human made disasters are further divided into two types; technological disasters and sociological disasters.Technological disasters are all those disasters that are caused by a mechanical, engineering or technical failure and include disasters like a transportation disaster (like a plane crash) or a collapse of a building or bridge (due to engineering or technical faults etc) etc that causes loss of lives or resources or both. Sociological disasters are all those disasters that are backed by a powerful human motive (be it criminal acts, revenge, religious reasons, terrorism, wars etc. ).In recent times, terrorism and wars are the types of such disasters that are most prevalent and claim most of the lives of people dying these days. The powerful are trying to suppress and oppress the weak and in order to take over them and their resources, attack on them (a good example of that would be the on-going America-Iraq war), while on the other hand, the suppressed and oppressed try to defend themselves and raise their voice, which results in riots and similar incidences. Another type of the disasters can be a combination of both human-made and natural disasters.That would include any disasters that have both the human reasons as well as the natural hazards behind them. An example of such a disaster would be an aircraft crash due to sudden turbulence in weather. The natural factor here would be the bad weather while the human error would be the lack of a proper contingency plan. When defined broadly, a disaster is any event or occurrence that has a negative impact on at least one human being. Keeping this definition in mind, a disaster can be on many levels.The lowest level of a disaster would be on a personal level. This may include events like a divorce, loss or death of someone very close and beloved like parents or spouse, heavy losses in business etc that can have immense effects on an individual’s life, and in some cases, can even change the entire course or outlook of one’s life, and can revolutionize that individual’s mentality and thinking. A higher level would be on the organizational basis which might include failure of business projects or liquidation or bankruptcy etc. hen there might be some other levels like national, regional and global as well. According to Wolf Dombrowski, â€Å"Disasters do not cause effects.The effects are what we call a Disaster. † What he means to say is that it is not the disaster in itself in totality that is harmful for us; the humans, it is not just the very incident that has a negative impact on our lives and it is not just a particular event that causes a severe blow to the masses. It is actually a whole series of after effects of any particular event that decide if that event is a disa ster or not.This can easily be understood by the fact that if a hazard (a natural disaster in this example, like an earthquake) hits an uninhabited area, it will not be considered a disaster; the reason being that it did not have any â€Å"effect† on any human or human environment. On the other hand, had the same earthquake hit a largely populated urban area, it would have been the source of massive destruction and would have claimed several human lives. In addition to this, it would have caused huge financial and economic losses as well.All these negative impacts are the â€Å"effects† of the earthquake, which made it a disaster or else, it would have been just an earthquake in a distant uninhabited piece of land. Consider another example of the personal level of damage. What is wrong with a divorce? A divorce is nothing but a separation between spouses who no longer wish to live with one another. This should have been a good thing with positive impacts since the peop le who do not want to stay with each other can now live the way they want.However, this is not the case. Not at least most of the times. The reason being that a divorce always, or most of the times, has many negative â€Å"effects† on the separated spouses, their children and other closely related individuals like parents of the two spouses, and thus the whole family suffers. Therefore, a divorce was not bad in its essence and could not have been classified as a disaster on a personal level, but, due to its â€Å"effects† it turned into a disaster.The examples described above and many other examples make it pretty clear that the disaster and its effects are very closely linked and there is such a thin boundary between then that it is almost impossible to clearly differentiate between them. The disaster is due to its effects and the effects are due to the disaster. So it shows that there is no clear distinction between a disaster and its effects and that they are nothin g but two faces of the same coin and it is the effects that we actually call a disaster.One thing that with the disasters be it natural or human, which renders the humans helpless in this regard, is the very low predictability of these disasters. Moreover, the disasters are not under much of human control, even if they are human made disasters. Due to this fact, the losses incurred are greater and more lives are wasted. The availability and functionality of a proper emergency management system can, however, help minimize the damage, if not eliminate it. When talking about emergency management, which is also called disaster management, there is a step to step process that is involved.There are four phases to establish an emergency management system, being, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Discussing briefly, mitigation is the long-term planning to prevent a hazard from turning into a disaster or to reduce the impact on the masses as much as possible. The elimination or reduction of potential risks is also included in mitigation. Mitigation may either be structural (technological solutions etc) or non-structural (like insurance etc). Contingency planning is a major part of the mitigation phase of emergency management.The second phase, preparedness, deals with the strategies to prepare the masses in case of a hazardous situation to minimize the disaster. It includes strategies like first-aid training and inventory management and stock piling, etc. Casualty prediction (prediction of deaths that should be expected from the catastrophe) is another important aspect of preparedness phase. Coming to response, the third phase of emergency management, this phase explains how one should respond or react to the calamity on hand in the first place.It requires emergency services, NGOs and other voluntary organizations, rescue teams and other relevant departments to have a complete plan of how to respond to a particular disaster, but the volunteers should be really committed to help in times of disasters or else they can prove to be a hindrance instead of help. The last phase of disaster management (or emergency management) is the recovery phase that actually takes place after the disaster when the effects have spread and its time to try bringing things back to normal as soon as possible.While response phase helps to deal with the impacts of the disaster during the disaster, the recovery phase deals with facing the aftermath and restoring the affected area or people to the previous state (that is the state before the disaster). It includes efforts like rebuilding of the destroyed property and estate, reemployment of the affected masses and the rehabilitation of those who are psychologically struck by the incident, etc. The International Organizations that respond in emergency situations include United Nations, World Bank, Red Cross, Red Crescent, International Association of Emergency Managers, etc.Let us now take some examples and disc uss the notion â€Å"Disasters do not cause effects. The effects are what we call a Disaster† further, in the light of those devastating events. The events that the discussion would be focused on would be: a) Indian Ocean Tsunami – 2004 b) The 9/11 incident of The World Trade Centers – 2001 South East Asia, especially the coastal areas, is the part of the world which is gifted by nature’s great bounties.Hundreds of thousands of tourists, especially from Australian and European nations, travel to this region every year to spend their vacations in the beautiful days and the peaceful nights of these God-gifted lands and these tourist activities contribute a major chunk to the revenue generated by these underdeveloped or developing countries, annually. December 26, 2004 was a nice sunny day of the beautiful winters of this South East Asian region. The sea shores were crowded with both, he locals and the tourists and everyone was enjoying the amazing winter of f the coast when suddenly, there appeared a wall of water right at the shore.Within seconds, the huge wall-like wave of water crashed on the shore engulfing numerous people who were peacefully having fun in the sun not very long ago. The fun and peaceful environment turned into a sight of immense chaos and destruction and the gigantic waves did not take longer than a few minutes to travel up to kilometers inside the cities. A tsunami had hit the shores of the Indian Ocean. Let us first shed some light on what a Tsunami actually is. The word tsunami is derived from two Japanese words; â€Å"tsu† meaning â€Å"harbor† and â€Å"nami† meaning â€Å"waves†.A Tsunami can be described as an immediate immense after effect of an earthquake or mass movements in the land under the ocean. When an earthquake or mass movements occur in the ocean bed, due to any reason (being a volcanic eruption, underwater explosions, landslides or underwater earthquakes themselves), they generate huge amounts of energy that causes the water waves to move at large mean and extreme positions and thus create gigantic waves that appear to be walls of water when the strike the shore before the crash down on land and engulf everything that there is.The height or the amplitude of the waves of a Tsunami off the shore is much smaller than what it suddenly becomes the instant it strikes the shore. This is because while the water under the surface of the ocean is full of energy emitted by the earthquake or mass movements in the ocean bed and continues to undergo very fast movements, the water of the surface is comparatively very calm. The moment the water reaches the shore, these two layers merge and give rise to the gigantic waves of water capable of engulfing the whole area in a matter of mere minutes and thus create the walls of water, a characteristic the Tsunamis are famous for.In the Tsunami that occurred in the Indian Ocean in 2004, the cause was determined to be a n earthquake, with its epicenter (point of generation) off the west coast of the Sumatra Island of Indonesia. That is why Indonesia was the country to suffer from this calamity the most. The magnitude of the earthquake was recorded to be between 9. 1 and 9. 3 by different sources on the Richter scale or a Seismograph. The earthquake was so powerful that it generated a series of tsunami waves that hit various shores along the Indian Ocean and created many powerful gigantic waves that caused a lot of destruction.The Tsunami affected about eleven countries and created waves up to a hundred feet in height. The earthquake was of the second highest magnitude to be recorded on a seismograph, ever, and the tsunami was recorded to be one of the deadliest natural disasters in history claiming lives of more that 350,000 individuals and causing losses of billions of dollars.The countries most affected include Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the Maldives, Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Seych elles, etc. n addition to this, many citizens of various Australian and European nations lost their lives while spending their vacations on the shores where the disaster struck. The disaster did not end here. The actual problems started after the major outbreak when the rescue mission started. Many were saved yet many lost their lives. Many were left missing who would have died eventually hoping and praying, waiting for a rescue team to come and save them.The areas where the calamity hit were totally destroyed and needed to be rebuilt. As the days passed, the temperature dropped further. This caused more casualties due to the chilling effect of winters. There was an outburst of many epidemics and other diseases while the health resources were minimal and the hygiene conditions were adverse. Food, clothing, shelter, water, medicines and other health supplies and other basic necessities of life were needed immediately in huge quantities.Many were injured and needed medical facilities to be treated quickly in order to prevent more casualties while those who remained safe were now reaching adverse conditions due to lack of resources. These and many other immediate after effects needed to be looked after as early as possible to prevent further losses. This clearly shows that the disaster was not â€Å"just† the Tsunami waves but the effects that it left on the areas that it hit, were equally disastrous.Another event that can easily be deemed disastrous is the 9/11 incident that took place in 2001. It was a peaceful morning, a regular American day in New York. Many people had already reached their workplaces while others were in a hurry to reach theirs when a plane smashed straight into one of the two tallest towers of the World Trade Center, New York. Not much time had passed when another plane crashed in the second tower. Fire broke out in the two towers and a state of emergency was created.In the mean while, an attack on the Pentagon took place as well. It was a series of attacks by Al-Qaeda (a terrorist organization) on America in which they used passenger airplanes as their weapons. The whole world’s attention was diverted towards America, the Super Power in the world, since no body could imagine something like this happening there. No matter what the motives and the caused were, thousands of innocent people lost their lives and it took months for even a country like America to overcome the immediate devastating effects of this incident.However, this incident, in the long run, changed the complete outlook of the world. America started a war against terrorism which resulted in attacks on Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, etc, some of which are still going on. Various treaties and agreements took place between various nations and many alliances were formed. Many Strategies were formulated and the concept of Emergency Management, Crisis Management and other similar concepts changed altogether, which is very evident from the compariso n of the books published before and after the disaster.All in all, this incident had a huge impact on almost the entire world and it’s after effects were, and still are, actually greater and more devastating than what it was that day. This example too, clearly shows that the disaster was not just what happened that particular day, but also what happened after it and what is still happening, especially in the regions that were and/or are the subject of the war against terrorism. Thus the statement of Wolf Dombrowski, that â€Å"Disasters do not cause effects. The effects are what we call a Disaster† holds true

Business Types of Ownership Essay

Before starting any venture it is very important to figure out how the organization is going to build its chain of command. Basically no business is made for short time and for this reason a very careful measurement should be done on ownership. Choosing the appropriate ownership in an organisation depends on nature of business, type of authority, delegation of work, span of organization, type of product, production and operation, legal procedure, financial matters and so on. The basic types of ownership in a business are: http://www.themoneyalert.com/businesstypesofownership.html †¢Sole Proprietorships: This type of business is operated by only one owner. He or she assumes the entire responsibility and financial claims for the business. †¢Partnerships: It is a business formed by a group of people for mutual profit and liability is usually divided in accordance with capital invested. †¢Government: Government can have ownership in different areas like centrally or by local government. †¢Private Limited Company: Private limited companies are quite similar as partnership business and they can offer shares to family members but they cannot make public offering. †¢Public Limited Company: It is the most advantageous and at the same time complicated form of ownership. It has its own legal entity, needs huge legal requirement, can make public offering and the liability is limited to share capital. Types of Hotel Ownership Different organization demands different form of ownership. In the hospitality industry it is better to have either sole proprietorship or partnership. The reason behind choosing these two types of ownership is the nature of hotel business. This business is not like something giant production or supply chain oriented. On the other hand government ownership discourages creativity. So if it is managed by one person or a group of people then it will be easier to operate rather than panicking with legal papers. The owners can freely concentrate on the business and its customers. As ownership varies from business to business, hotel is no exception in this case. Hotels mainly have three type of ownership to run and manage the business and these are franchise, privately owned and operated and leased. This ownership types are presented below: 1.Franchise Model: A franchise hotel or chain hotel is very common type of ownership. The operations are basically based on the brand image and through maintaining and using this image the hotel will earn a sustainable profit. Here the hotel’s owner heavily relies on the good image of the brand and if the brand loses popularity with consumers, the owner’s business suffers at the same time. 2.Privately Owned and Operated This type of hotel ownership is the most common especially in small hotels. Here the owners enjoy full freedom for operation and has to encounter huge risk. 3.Leased Leased hotels are also privately owned, but the physical hotel building belongs to someone else. These types of arrangements are generally on long-term leases. The lesser will stipulate a minimum rent for the premises and may also include a sliding scale based on total revenue for ongoing rent. By Hannah Wickford, eHow Contributor http://www.ehow.com/about_5598328_types-hotel-ownership.html In this current era, the types of ownership observed in hotels are quite diversified the ones in the past. According to Fox, the types of ownerships in the past were mostly corporate body or single owner. But in the coming years more than 50% of the hotel industry will be dominated by franchise business or chain business. Group of hotel will also have significant increase in the future. Now owners are focusing on budget hotels or resorts more than going for any business class or luxury ones. On the other hand the management system in hotels are mostly decentralised in this business, but now a days the owners are quite willing to change this way of operating business. Owners are becoming more interested in doing centralised control over their business. So according to the observation it can be said that both the group of hotel and chain hotel are the best way to start hotel business. This gives owners a well-diversified option with good opportunity. They can concentrate on several locations with a specialised theme and develop themselves accordingly to offer the best product to their target market. The management system can be either centralised or decentralised based on the nature and demand of the business operation. 4.Explain how and why customers could use the different classification and grading systems when deciding on where to stay. Different Classification of Hotels Hotels are classified on the basis of the service, facilities, size, stars, location and many more. At one side there are luxurious hotels for celebrities, on the other side there are budget hotels for normal family need. Through this classification customers can easily identify which one will match their needs best. †¢Resort Hotels: Resort hotels are basically built to facilitate customers’ holiday or trip on a certain season. They can be small one offering accommodation and food or big one offering additional services like spas, pools, beach or mountain locations, on-site kids’ activities, restaurants, pool bars and babysitting services. †¢Airport Hotels: Airport hotels provide facilities for air travellers. They usually have guest for very short time and many of them provide business travellers services as business people are a mass air traveller. †¢Economy Hotels: Economy hotels or budget hotels provide basic services to its guest at a cheap rate. These hotels are basically attractive for family accommodations and economic people who do not need luxury. †¢Suite Hotels: Suite hotels have separate services room for different customers so that there is no interruption between different customers. If they offer both business and family services then they built separate service area so that the customers are not disturbed by each other’s appearance.

13 Situations When You Shouldnt Say Im Sorry at Work

13 Situations When You Shouldnt Say Im Sorry at Work Failing to apologize for your mistakes is a big sin in the workplace. It can cost you good coworker relationships- or worse, your job. But on the other hand, constantly apologizing, starting sentences with â€Å"I’m sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or prefacing everything you say with â€Å"Sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  can make you seem weak, insecure, or indecisive. Politeness is one thing, being a doormat is another. It’s also not advisable to use â€Å"I’m sorry† as conversation filler, just like you wouldn’t use â€Å"like† or â€Å"um.† Here are 13 particular circumstances in which you should never say I’m sorry:1. When you’re really #notsorryPeople can tell when you’re being insecure. Just like dogs can smell fear. If your sorry is very clearly sarcastic or insecure, don’t even bother saying it.2. When you  didn’t do anythingAka when you have nothing to say you’re sorry for. It’s not polite to throw in a ton of meaningless apologies for normal things like expressing an opinion or ducking into the restroom.3. When you’re sticking to your principlesA coworker, or even your boss, is suggesting you do something off your moral tracks. It’s okay to stand up for yourself. You don’t need to preface your â€Å"I don’t believe it’s right to lie [cheat/steal/defraud/etc.]† with an â€Å"I’m sorry.† You shouldn’t be.4. When it’s your badYou’re late or you didn’t finish a project on time. Don’t just fling out a â€Å"Sorry!† and hope that you’ll be immediately exculpated. In short: don’t abdicate your responsibility too often.5. When it plants a bad seedYou may know that you didn’t spend quite enough time on that presentation, but there’s absolutely no reason to lead it off with that fact and an apology. Do the best with what you have and don’t give them a re ason to doubt your work before you’ve managed to present it.6. When you’re not prepared to own itSometimes we say sorry and consider it the end of the road. Forgiveness granted! If you’re going to wield the word, be prepared for the apology recipient not to get over it immediately. Some mistakes or wounds take time to heal and build back trust. Recognize when someone is perhaps not ready to forgive you.7. When you quitYou’re not sorry you’re taking another job. If you were, you wouldn’t be taking it in the first place. Leading with an apology in this situation also opens the door for your boss to try and guilt you into staying. Better to stand firm and get out the door with good feelings on both sides.8. When you had nothing to do with itIt’s much better to save your apologies for when you can and should assume 100% responsibility for the situation. Throwing ‘sorry’s around about things that were not in your control or in any way your fault will just take power away from you when you need to wield an apology for real.9. When someone asks you to pass their apology alongIf someone tells you to tell someone else that they’re sorry for [insert whatever actually bad thing they might have done], just stay out of it. Pass along the information that so-and-so wanted to say something to them or speak to them, and let it go at that. Don’t do their dirty work. If it’s just an innocent â€Å"Jane says sorry she couldn’t be here; she’s giving birth to her second child!† then that’s probably safe to pass along. Just stay away from the hairier stuff.10. When you’re in the middle of debateYou’re having a heated argument, or a debate full of passion. The last thing you want to do is throw in a â€Å"sorry† to minimize the conflict, i.e. â€Å"sorry, I just don’t agree†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It weakens your position and it will almost always ring in sincere.11. When you’re genuinely upsetSomeone does something legitimately upsetting to you or near you. You object. You’re more than justified in calling them out on their behavior. The last thing you want to do here is to say sorry first. â€Å"I’m sorry, but that was wrong† doesn’t leave enough room for the actual apology that you should be receiving from the wrong-doer.12. When you’re asking for somethingâ€Å"I’m sorry, but could you [help me with/do for me/save the day]† is not a good thing to say when asking for help. If you actually felt bad, you wouldn’t have asked. Instead, after asking simply, humbly, and clearly, say thank you. Which should be what you really mean to say.13. When the moment has passedEspecially if you’ve already apologized and everyone is already over it. Don’t rehash the past. Move forward! If you’re really still beating yourself up over something, then put that energy i nto making sure you never make that mistake again. No need to dredge up old drama. Keep moving forward instead.

Siege of Detroit - War of 1812

Siege of Detroit - War of 1812 Siege of Detroit - Conflict Dates: The Siege of Detroit took place August 15-16, 1812, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). Armies Commanders at Detroit United States Brigadier General William Hull582 regulars, 1,600 militia Britain Major General Isaac BrockTecumseh330 regulars, 400 militia, 600 Native Americans Siege of Detroit - Background: As war clouds began to gather in the early months of 1812, President James Madison was encouraged by several of his key advisors, including Secretary of War William Eustis, to begin making preparations to defend the northwest frontier. Overseen by the Governor of the Michigan Territory, William Hull, the region possessed few regular troops to defend against a British invasion or attacks by Native American tribes in the area. Taking action, Madison directed that an army be formed and that it move to reinforce the key outpost of Fort Detroit. Siege of Detroit - Hull Takes Command: Though he initially refused, Hull was given command of this force with the rank of brigadier general. Traveling south, he arrived at Dayton, OH on May 25 to take command of three regiments of Ohio militia led by Colonels Lewis Cass, Duncan McArthur, and James Findlay. Slowly moving north, they were joined by Lieutenant Colonel James Millers 4th US Infantry at Urbana, OH. Moving across Black Swamp, he received a letter from Eustis on June 26. Carried by a courier and dated June 18, it implored Hull to reach Detroit as war was imminent. A second letter from Eustis, also dated June 18, informed the American commander that war had been declared. Sent by regular mail, this letter did not reach Hull until July 2. Frustrated by his slow progress, Hull reached the mouth of the Maumee River on July 1. Eager to speed the advance, he hired the schooner Cuyahoga and embarked his dispatches, personal correspondence, medical supplies, and sick. Unfortunately for Hull, the British in Upper Canada were aware that a state of war existed. As a result, Cuyahoga was captured off Fort Malden by HMS General Hunter the next day as it attempted to enter the Detroit River. Siege of Detroit - The American Offensive: Reaching Detroit on July 5, Hull was reinforced by around 140 Michigan militia bringing his total force to around 2,200 men. Though short on food, Hull was directed by Eustis to cross the river and move against Fort Malden and Amherstburg. Advancing on July 12, Hulls offensive was hampered by some of his militia who refused to serve outside of the United States. As a result, he halted on the east bank despite the fact that Colonel Henry Proctor, commanding at Fort Malden, had a garrison numbering only 300 regulars and 400 Native Americans. As Hull was taking tentative steps to invade Canada, a mixed force of Native Americans and Canadian fur traders surprised the American garrison at Fort Mackinac on July 17. Learning of this, Hull became increasing hesitant as he believed large numbers of Native American warriors would descend from the north. Though he had decided to attack Fort Malden on August 6, his resolve wavered and he ordered American forces back across the river two days later. He was further concerned about dwindling provisions as his supply lines south of Detroit were under attack by British and Native American forces. Siege of Detroit - The British Respond: While Hull spent the early days of August unsuccessfully attempting to re-open his supply lines, British reinforcements were reaching Fort Malden. Possessing naval control of Lake Erie, Major General Isaac Brock, the commander for Upper Canada, was able to shift troops west from the Niagara frontier. Arriving at Amherstburg on August 13, Brock met with the noted Shawnee leader Tecumseh and the two rapidly formed a strong rapport. Possessing around 730 regulars and militia as well as Tecumsehs 600 warriors, Brocks army remained smaller than his opponent. To offset this advantage, Brock combed through the captured documents and dispatches that had been taken aboard Cuyahoga as well as during engagements south of Detroit. Possessing a detailed understanding of the size and condition of Hulls army, Brock also learned that its morale was low and that Hull was deeply afraid of Native American attack. Playing on this fear, he drafted a letter requesting that no more Native Americans be sent to Amherstburg and stating that he had over 5,000 on hand. This letter was intentionally allowed to fall into American hands. Siege of Detroit - Guile Deception Win the Day: Shortly thereafter, Brock sent Hull a letter demanding his surrender and stating: The force at my disposal authorizes me to require of you the immediate surrender of Fort Detroit. It is far from my intention to join in a war of extermination, but you must be aware, that the numerous body of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops, will be beyond control the moment the contest commences†¦ Continuing the series of deceptions, Brock ordered extra uniforms belonging to 41st Regiment to be given to the militia to make his force appear to have more regulars. Other ruses were conducted to deceive the Americans as to the actual size of the British army. Soldiers were instructed to light individual campfires and several marches were conducted to make British force appear larger. These efforts worked to undermine Hulls already weakening confidence. On August 15, Brock commenced a bombardment of Fort Detroit from batteries on the east bank of the river. The next day, Brock and Tecumseh crossed the river with the intention of blocking the American supply lines and laying siege to the fort. Brock was forced to change these plans immediately as Hull had dispatched MacArthur and Cass with 400 men to re-open communications to the south. Rather than be caught between this force and the fort, Brock moved to assault Fort Detroit from the west. As his men moved, Tecumseh repeatedly marched his warriors through a gap in the forest as they emitted loud war cries. This movement led the Americans to believe that the number of warriors present was much higher than in actuality. As the British approached, a ball from one of the batteries hit the officers mess in Fort Detroit inflicting casualties. Already badly un-nerved by the situation and fearing a massacre at the hands of Tecumsehs men, Hull broke, and against the wishes of his officers, ordered a white flag hoisted and began surrender negotiations. Aftermath of the Siege of Detroit: In the Siege of Detroit, Hull lost seven killed and 2,493 captured. In capitulating, he also surrendered MacArthur and Cass men as well as an approaching supply train. While the militia were paroled and permitted to depart, the American regulars were taken to Quebec as prisoners. In the course of the action, Brocks command suffered two wounded. An embarrassing defeat, the loss of Detroit saw the situation in the Northwest radically transformed and quickly dashed American hopes of a triumphant march into Canada. Fort Detroit remained in British hands for over a year until being re-taken by Major General William Henry Harrison in the fall of 1813 following Commodore Oliver Hazard Perrys victory at the Battle of Lake Erie. Hailed as a hero, Brocks glory proved brief as he was killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights on October 13, 1812. Selected Sources History of War: Siege of DetroitWilliam HullThe Capture of Detroit

Marketing Management Case Analysis Metabical Coursework

Marketing Management Case Analysis Metabical - Coursework Example Prior to putting together the dynamics of the marketing plan, all the alternatives of positioning and setting up the USP of the brand will be discussed in detail and analyzed and the best alternative will be selected around which, the marketing plan will be created. The marketing plan would include the Marketing Objective, target market analysis and demand forecast, and the communication plan (the Marketing Mix: 4 P’s) will be set for Metabical. Keeping the external and internal factors in mind, a Contingency Plan will be set which will include all the possible hindrances and unforeseen events which the business could face. The end of the report will have control and procedures which will explain how the marketing activities will be monitored and measured. Situational Analysis Internal Analysis: Metabical has Food and Drug Administration’s approval as being an effective weight-loss drug amongst its competitors. It is claimed by the company’s Chief Marketing Offic er Bernard Long that Metabical is a new and improved version of all the other drugs for weight-loss in the market with dramatically reduced side effects. ... This way, the drug even controls the diet of the consumers. External Analysis: The market for drugs like Metabical is a lucrative one. Nearly 65% of the adult population of the United States is considered as overweight. Out of this 65%, the segments of those who are in between the BMI of 25 and 30 is a virgin market which is not targeted by any drug. Even in this market, there was only one drug called Alli which was approved as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) for weight-loss by the Food and Drug Administration. However, this drug was only a lighter version of a heavier drug called Xenical and also had strong side-effects. Because of these concerns, the drug industry went through perusal by the FDA and a dietary supplement ephedra was banned owing to reported cases of sudden cardiac arrests and other life threatening dangers of the side-effects caused by these drugs. Metabical on the other hand, is FDA approved and is also tested for its effects with the conclusion that Metabical has light side-effects as compared to its competitors. Besides the drugs in the market, there were also herbal dietary solutions available which needed no regulations. However, these were less effective and required strict diet control whereas, Metabical being a drug itself, could produce better results in 12 weeks time. With a green signal from the FDA, Metabical therefore is ready to enter the market and launch a fully fledged campaign for not only the consumers, but for businesses and doctors as well as it is a prescription drug. This channel available to market Metabical presents a strong opportunity to itself and an edge amongst the competitors which impose high risk side-effects. Research shows that the market of Metabical lies aound 12% of the total

Should assisted suicide be an option for patients who are terminally Essay

Should assisted suicide be an option for patients who are terminally ill, in pain and want assisted suicide in Canada - Essay Example There have been several proponents and opponents of the issue in nearly equal proportion. Many of the opponents argue that it is illegal and unethical to assist someone to take away his life (Snyder 2). In contrast, the proponents of assisted suicide believe that the act is a dignified way to die by ending pain and suffering of persons who are terminally ill and suffer from incurable diseases. While the major debate has been whether legalizing assisted suicide would end suffering and pain, it defies the morality and ethics of the society; thus, it should not be legalized. Besides, legalizing assisted suicide could lead to abuse as people would have their lives ended against their wishes. Finally, legalizing the act would imply or lead to putting a dollar value on human life since the high cost of long-term care for people who are terminally ill would outweigh their right to live. Background Information The practice of euthanasia is generally illegal in the country. Nevertheless, ther e have been debates (most recently in Quebec back in March 2012) on whether the government should legalize it or not, particularly after Dr. Jack Kevorkian in Michigan (Gorsuch 44). The current laws in Canada prohibit any physician from assisting a person’s suicide lest he faces prosecution for abetting the act. The debate on the issue of assisted suicide deepened after 1990 when a retired pathologist in Michigan, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, started to attend a number of suicide requests by patients on the verge of dying (Gorsuch 44). He advised patients who suffered from degenerative or terminal diseases on how to administer carbon monoxide and eventually die. This action elicited mixed reactions from the public as Kevorkian was subjected to prosecution where he would answer to charge of unlawfully assisting a person to commit suicide (Gorsuch 44). The Michigan courts dismissed the murder charges, and Kevorkian was ultimately acquitted in 1994 against expectations of prosecutors and Michigan legislators who were determined to ensure the doctor is convicted of murder. Apparently, a physician-assisted suicide (also known as Euthanasia) concerns people who experience pain and suffering due to terminal illness. Pro Argument #1 According to the scientific study on terminal diseases published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, a very small percentage of patients with such illnesses expressed the wish to terminate their lives. Precisely, only one individual out of four wished to die due to suffering and pain (Gorsuch 44). Incidentally, majority of the cases involved patients who had clinically diagnosable depression. The study proposes psychotherapeutic treatment for the terminally ill. It further reveals that the rate of assisted suicide lies between 2% and 4%, a clear suggestion that very few patients will voluntarily permit termination of their lives (Gorsuch 44). Thus, it proposes compassionate counseling alongside psychological and medical care to provide co nstructive and morally acceptable options to euthanasia. In the end, patients would naturally succumb to the terminal illnesses instead of the controversial assisted suicide. In the same way, scientific study reveals a small percentage of patients wishing to die by assisted suicide. In most Cases these patients were diagnosed with depression. Pro Argument #2 A patient

What are the moral responsibilities of managers Essay

What are the moral responsibilities of managers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the moral responsibilities of managers’ whether in the private sector or public sector should be characterized with a manager perpetuating the law, fulfilling the legitimate duties of their position, observing the relevant codes of ethics and otherwise abiding by generally held moral principles such as honesty and not knowingly doing harm. A manager will be held liable for an immoral act if he had knowledge of it and had the ability to prevent it from happening. Moral managers subscribe to ethical leadership which requires the manager to be a moral person as well as moral managers. A   moral manager should possess traits such as honesty, integrity and trustworthy. This involves respecting the soundness of organization and adherence to the codes set by the organization. This allows the managers to do the right thing, reason well and uphold the highest level of justice even in the most difficult circumstances. A   moral manage r learns from multiple social situations which allow him to have a vast knowledge of conflict resolution skills without harming any party in case a dispute arises. The personal standards developed by a moral manager enables him to be fair and considerate by making clear justifications in his mind. For example, a moral manager will solve a   dispute between two staff members by being fair and sticking to their values and objectivity without compromising on the basis of relations or closeness to either party.

Burberry history Essay Example for Free

Burberry history Essay Barberry was founded in 1856; originally focusing on producing innovative functional outwear. over the years Barberry has adapted to changing trends and tastes to suit the consumers wants and needs. Additionally the extension of their product portfolio, for example their perfume and accessories range, Is a response to competition from leading brands such as Ralph Lauren and others. Barberry set out to create a luxury, premium brand image, however in recent years in Britain especially, the public perception of Barberry products have been labeled as chap kook because of their distinctive tartan pattern on clothing. In September 201 2 the high brand luxury clothing company Barberry issued a profit warning taking El ban off Buyers market value resulting with a share fall of 19%. We are currently In an economic recession which has resulted In less consumer confidence and a trend of reduced spending habits. However the types of consumers that purchase brands like Barberry would usually not be effected by the economic recession. They are likely to have much more disposable income and secure well- paid Jobs. Retail analyst Joana Satyrs stated that The global economic crawls Is dragging on and the longer It drags on the less confident even wealthier Individuals become. Meaning that even those with more disposable Income to spend on luxury goods such as Barberry, are less confident which Is a major factor resulting In reduced spending habits. If consumers are spending less the company is likely to result in profit losses. If the problem deteriorates it can result in closing of stores and making staff redundant; adding to the already high unemployment figures Barberry s a luxury brand is not immune from the economic instability which has seen weaker sales not only in the UK but globally. From researching Buyers share decrease we can see that the 2012 London Olympics has played a major factor in profit loss. The types of customers buying Barberry products are likely to live in expensive locations such as London; Barberry state that the London Olympics pulled tourists away from shopping and pushed them more towards visiting the Olympic park and stadium and spending their money on souvenirs. However due to the economic recession and the trend of reduced pending habits, Buyers luxury high priced goods were Increasingly likely to see reduced sales. Although wealthier Individuals are likely to be unaffected by the economic recession, the Auks high unemployment rate has made Buyers customer base even more restricted than before. In contrast to Buyers view that the Olympics contributed to their profit loss, we believe that the Olympics helped the Auks unemployment rate hugely giving more individuals and potential customers more disposable income. However now that the Olympics are over, it can shift focus onto spending more on brands such as Barberry. In comparison; lower priced stores such as Tops and H M are receiving higher likely to buy from stores that have fashionable styles and a wider variety of clothing at much lower prices. BBC business news (twitter) stated that UK retail sales rise as shoppers buy winter clothing and that sales volumes were up 0. 6% in the last month. Individuals are much more likely to spend EYE OHIO on a coat rather than an IEEE one; especially during the economic recession. Taking the above into account, there are a number of ways in which Barberry could improve their economic position in the retail market. While Barberry are not in a state of danger as it stands, if their profit and share prices were to decrease further they may have to cut their costs. This could see a decrease in quality of their products resulting to a decline in brand loyalty and a future reduction in sales. One way Barberry could improve their situation is by re-marketing their product range to appeal to a different target audience, that of the middle and working class. Evidence suggests that lower priced stores (Tops and HM) have been benefiting as a result of their lower prices. If Barberry were to adjust their position in the market, closer to that of HM they may wreak the rewards. However, we think that Barberry may tarnish their entire business reputation if they do so. It takes many years to achieve a high brand reputation like that of Barberry and it would be a massive risk to put it all on the line. Also the lower priced retailers market is dominated by a few big players and is extremely competitive, making it harder for Barberry to establish itself in the lower priced category. We think that Barberry should ride out the storm for the time being. If anything is to be done it should be investing more into marketing and branding to appeal to the upper middle-class. Although this would be costly initially, sales should pick up over time; improving Buyers share price and profits. Furthermore, in the meantime it would be easy for Barberry to take advantage of the current state of national pride (following the Olympics) and go back to basics promoting the Brutishness of their brand. Another way in which Barberry can improve their current situation is by taking a similar approach to Versa by launching a more economical clothing range with gig street brands such as HM. For Barberry to differentiate themselves they can instead launch their clothing range with Ezra rather than HM. Reason being that they types of clothes they offer are very similar in terms of sophistication and quality. This method was very successful with Versa as their line with HM sold out within 30 minutes. By introducing a more affordable clothing line, Barberry will advantage from an increase in sales and profits as demand from consumers will increase. The cheaper they market their new clothing range the more people would want to buy it s they will be purchasing Barberry clothing for a faction of the cost.