Loanable Funds Theory - 5819 Words

JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE EDUCATION †¢ Volume 6 †¢ Number 1 †¢ Summer 2007 48 Reconsidering the Introduction to Interest Rate Theory S. Kirk Elwood1 ABSTRACT The various theories of interest rate determination presented in economics textbooks each spotlight a particular fundamental force behind the equilibrium rate. Unfortunately, each theory’s successful emphasis of one determinant of the interest rate comes at the cost of distorting some other aspect of its determination. This paper argues that the basic market analysis of debt securities (e.g., bonds and commercial paper) left out of most macroeconomic as well as money and banking textbooks provides a straightforward and practical perspective on interest rate determination†¦show more content†¦But they never extend the analysis to show how interest rates are generally determined by debt securities markets. Most intermediate texts similarly discuss the inverse relationship between interest rates and bond prices without mentioning the markets where those prices are determined (e.g., Blanchard 2003, and DeLong and Olney 2006). Able and Bernanke (2005) go a little further by acknowledging that changes in money demand affect bond holdings, but still no debt securities market is developed. JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE EDUCATION †¢ Volume 6 †¢ Number 1 †¢ Summer 2007 49 This distinction between debt securities prices and interest rates – on which more will be said below – is supported by the fact that the actual markets where their joint values are determined are explicitly debt securities markets. Bond markets – primary as well as secondary – and commercial paper markets quote either the prices or discount rates of their debt securities, and leave the corresponding interest rate to be inferred. The â€Å"interest rate† is a pricing term generally spoken outside of the larger financial markets by retail borrowers and lenders such as local banks.3 In addition to the great familiarity with interest rates by those who borrow or lend through banks, most economists dependably refer to interest rates instead of debt securities’ prices because it is assumed that economic agents think in terms of interestShow MoreRelated2.2 Theoretical Literature. 2.2.1 Theoretical Literature1075 Words   |  5 Pages Classical Theory of Interest rate This theory was developed by economists like Prof. Pigou, Prof. Marshall, Walras, Knight etc. According to this theory, Interest is the reward for the productive use of the capital which is equal to the marginal productivity of physical capital. The classical theorists regarded interest rate as an equilibrating factor between the demand for and the supply of investible funds. Investment represents the demand for investible funds, and interestRead MoreEconomics Notes: Small and Open Economies, Growth, Aggregate Supply and Demand926 Words   |  4 Pagesborrowing more expensive, the quantity of loanable funds demanded falls as the interest rate rises. The supply and demand for loanable funds depend on the real interest rate and not nominal. Increase in saving = shift the supply of loanable funds to the right = reduces the interest rate. (graphique page 181) Increase in investment = demand for loanable funds increase = interest rise. Incentive to increase investment = increase in quantity of loanable funds demanded When the government has a budgetRead MoreCarl Menger s Principles Of Economics1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumable output. The economy is at full employment and it is using all of its resources when it is along the curve. The bottom graph is the loanable funds market. On the x-axis there is quantity of loanable funds and on the y-axis is interest rate. Austrians believe that the money that is not spent on consumable goods is then saved and turned into loanable funds. Similar to the MPC, there is always a percentage of money that the consumer does not spend. If a person deposits their savings into aRead MoreTheu.s Gross Domestic Product ( Gdp )1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfor jobs since they will be willing to accept low wages. So even if easier monetary policy is adopts inflation will not rise. According to the classical economists, there is no effect of monetary policies on the real variables. The provided quantity theory of money: MV=PY If there is an increase in money supply this will shift the LM curve to the down and this will lower the rate of interest. With lower interest rate there is a higher investment and this will shift the AD curve to the right and increasesRead MoreWhat Are The Three Reasons The Aggregate Demand Curve Slopes Downward?960 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can then place in financial intermediaries (banks) who can in turn loan those funds out. An increase in the supply of loanable funds decreases the interest rate for borrowing funds, enticing people/businesses to borrow funds for investment purposes, increasing the demand for goods and services. If the price level increases, consumers will have less money to place in banks, depleting the supply of loanable funds, which will increase the interest rate deterring individuals from borrowing. ThisRead MoreFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies1193 Words   |  5 Pagesfiscal policy can be used to raise income, stimulate spending and increase levels of pr oduction in a given economy, be it open or closed. Gradually, as unemployment falls, this sequence allows the economy to move towards full employment. As with most theories, expansionary fiscal policy does indeed have its criticisms and downfalls. If a given household’s expenditure were to be higher than the household’s income, it would spell financial trouble unless the extra spending can be funded somehow. SimilarlyRead MoreEcon 1103- Practice Midterm Exam2153 Words   |  9 Pagescomparative advantage in both beef and wine c) Canada has an absolute advantage in beef and a comparative advantage in wine d) Argentina has an absolute advantage in wine and a comparative advantage in beef 6. According to the data in Table 1 and the theory of comparative advantage: a) Canada should export both goods and Argentina should export neither good b) Argentina should export both goods and Canada should export neither good c) Canada should export beef and Argentina should export wine d)Read MoreHigh Saving Promotes Faster Growth2505 Words   |  11 Pagesby 5% from 2007, positive growth was still seen. This suggests China coped better during the economic recession and thereby could suggest is less susceptible to downturn in the future, helping to ensure the long run prosperity of the economy. The theory behind this is that during uncertain times, households with savings to fall back on are less likely to reduce consumption immediately. Hence, aggregate demand should not fall as profoundly as households can still purchase the same level of goods andRead MoreOptimism in the Long Run2012 Words   |  9 Pagespolicies the Fed is using to stimulate economic growth are: 1. Very low interest rates (Federal funds rate and discount rate) 2. Quantitative Easing Program: Spending $65B (down from $75B) a month on the purchase of U.S. Government bonds from banks Quantitative easing increases the banks supply of loanable funds. Additionally, the Fed controls the interest rates for banks to loan money to one another (Federal Funds rate) and to borrow directly from the Fed (Discount rate). Banks take loans from other banksRead MoreA New Production Facility At Chine For Apple Essay2072 Words   |  9 Pageswas 22% of GDP, but the growth in spending was decreased. In the 1990 s, the U.S. experienced increased growth due to the introduction of new technology in production to speed up the output of products. This new technology afforded companies the funds to hire more employs and increase profit. This consumer demand leads to stock prices going through the roof, leading to the inevitable bubble bursting and stock prices plunging in 2000. This was the beginning of the recession that hit the U.S. hard

Analysis Of The Book The Night - 1207 Words

Alan strode out the door just as skittish as he was when he walked in. He went over his plan in his head a countless amount of times. He was meeting Diana for dinner that night. He was going to put the potion into her wine. Diana wasn’t aware that Alan had such a tremendous admiration for her. He was strolling along, almost to the restaurant when a bluebird swooped down and snatched the love potion from Alan’s grip. â€Å"Ah-ah-oh you come back here bird! That’s mine!† shrieked Alan. He dashed after the bird until he could no longer run. The bird landed, and Alan could see the bird sipping the potion. Alan’s jaw dropped. He pondered upon what it would do to animals. The wise man hadn’t said anything about animals. â€Å"That was supposed to be for Diana! Now what am I going to do?† Alan spoke out loud to himself. The bird was staring at him. â€Å"Go away bird.† However, the bird did not go away. Instead, it fle w over to Alan and landed right on his shoulder. Alan shooed the bird off of his shoulder and started pacing towards the restaurant where he was meeting Diana. He was still going to meet Diana, even if she wasn’t going to fall in love with him today. Alan stepped up to the door of the restaurant. It was a glass door so he could see his reflection. He could also see the bird’s reflection. The bird was right behind him. He had followed Alan all the way to the restaurant. â€Å"You need to leave,† Alan commanded the bird. Then, Alan realized what wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Night 964 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction happened. Wanda had no choice but sat on the dusty floor while the thick chemistry book set under her butt as she used it as her cushion. Not more than ten minutes later, a sound of footsteps growing near her, triggered Wanda to straight up her body and peeked behind the wall to find out whose footstep was that. It was Chris. He was balancing a pile of books in his hand. Most of the books are from the library, and Wanda guessed that he was searching for more information about whatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1703 Words   |  7 PagesThe night is brisk and even with the thick suede jacket pulled over the man’s shoulders he is still freezing. He should mind the frozen temperatures, but he doesn’t because he has just won a vast amount of money off a bet. Money that he can spend on luxuries that he doesn’t need but believes he deserves. He smiles to himself, walking along the cold roads. Occasionally passersby will bump into him and cautious to pickpockets, he pats the pocket that holds the thick envelope of money. Maybe he’ll stopRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 8 50 Words   |  4 Pagesthinks it is for the name Rachel while everyone else believes it the is German word for revenge. By the science of deduction he learns that the woman and was poison and was traveling because parts of her was wet when it did not rain in London the night before. He then notices her suitcase is missing and this was the murders mistake. Holmes leaves quickly and leaves Watson alone at the crime scene. He heads to the main road to get a taxi. As he walks down the road he notices the phones keep ringingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night Essay764 Words   |  4 Pagesif you really want to, talk to Syd†¦the Sofria that lives here. She is very good with plants, but you may end up with her a lot of time with her since all of her books are in those strange marks. I’ll be honest. I don’t think there is meaning in those marks. I think she is really smart, and all the information is in her head. The books are just for show.† â€Å"I’ll ask.† They walked the garden, Tizbeth studying the different plants, thinking of questions. Lord Donovan was insulted when he told herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1151 Words   |  5 Pageswhile on the road, Seth screws up his courage enough to profess his love for Lyla. She freaks out. Unable to deal with Seth, Lyla leaves him a note, saying that she does not see Seth in the same light that he does her and flees in the middle of the night. Unable to return home and depressed that he scared off Lyla, he meets a mage named Jay-with-a-J tangled in enormous brambles. He rescues him with a fire spell and learns of the alternative group of naturalists called druids. Able to manipulate lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 852 Words   |  4 PagesWith a basket on his back and an arm filled with a rifle, Eustace started out with his husky, Hunter, to check his traps. The black spotted, white fluff pounced forward with determination, well acquainted with the trap-line, howl ing and barking as he went ahead of Eustace along the Yaak River. Mornings like this along the trickling river with nobody and nothing, but greenery and his furry, elusive neighbors in sight in their natural orchestral of bustling calls made Eustaces transition from anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1325 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary. Thank you for the offer. But- really. I’m fine. I promise to be quieter.† â€Å"I can help-† â€Å"No, really, I almost have it. Sorry for frightening you,† Jemma said. Daisy sighed, â€Å"Alright. Well, good night, Jemma.† She turned around and walked to the door. She locked it. â€Å"Good night, Fitz!† She called out before slamming the door closed. â€Å"Lock the door next time you do shenanigans!† The man beneath Jemma started snickering. She looked down at him disapprovingly, â€Å"It’s not funny!† She exclaimedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night 1048 Words   |  5 Pageshappened to Elie and was one of the main conflicts of the story, â€Å"Night†. As you can see in the book he loved going to his mosque and his love of God, however, as the story went on his faith slowly deteriorated and crumbled away even though he fought hard to keep it. This can happen to the best of people and there is no way to control it unless you are strong with your beliefs. This was the case for Elie In the beginning of the book because he was excited about his path with God and would talk withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1512 Words   |  7 PagesCameron, a young man, awoke abruptly. It was another long night in 2257 AD near modern day China. â€Å"Another nightmare,† he whispered under his breath.Panting heavily, he turns and puts his feet on the cold, damp wooden floor. Standing up, he let out a yawn as he stretched. â€Å"Well I guess I better go eat some breakfast,† he said to himself. As he goes down the stairs he passes his father’s room. Cracking the door open he could see his father sprawled out on the floor covered in glass bottles. â€Å"DrunkRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night 1226 Words   |  5 PagesRicendithas stood after this meeting was adjourned, disinterestedly looking around the room as he then followed Stella out into the main room. He hadn t missed Soyeon giving him the stink eye; if anyth ing, it only brightened his mood that he d managed to ruffle her feathers so nicely. And while they were going down the stairs, Ric just looked about while ignoring her little tryst about not touching anything. Do I look like some common thief? he muttered, his visible green eye shooting downstairs

America and the Computer Industry Essay Example For Students

America and the Computer Industry Essay Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U. S. and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the omputer has changed nearly every aspect of peoples lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computers ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to programming rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by urning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father who was a tax collector (Soma, 32). In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine. It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would need. It was programmed by and stored data oncards with holes punched in them, appropriately called punchcards. His inventions were failures for the most part because of the lack of precision machining techniques used at the time and the lack of demand for uch a device (Soma, 46). After Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1850 and 1900 there were great advances in mathematics and physics that began to rekindle the interest (Osborne, 45). Many of these new advances involved complex calculations and formulas that were very time consuming for human calculation. The first major use for a computer in the U. S. was during the 1890 census. Two men, Herman Hollerith and James Powers, developed a new punched-card system that could automatically read information on cards without human intervention (Gulliver, 82). Since the population of the U. S. as increasing so fast, the computer was an essential tool in tabulating the totals. These advantages were noted by commercial industries and soon led to the development of improved punch-card business-machine systems by International Business Machines (IBM), Remington-Rand, Burroughs, and other corporations. By modern standards the punched-card machines were slow, typically processing from 50 to 250 cards per minute, with each card holding up to 80 digits. At the time, however, punched cards were an enormous step forward; they provided a means of input, output, and memory storage on a massive scale. For more than 50 years ollowing their first use, punched-card machines did the bulk of the worlds business computing and a good portion of the computing work in science (Chposky, 73). By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so well established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts. Aikens machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operations. Also, it had special built-in programs to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Mark I was controlled from prepunched paper tape. Output was by card punch and electric typewriter. It was slow, requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication, but it was fully automatic and could complete long computations without human intervention (Chposky, 103). The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. New weapons systems were produced which needed trajectory tables and other essential data. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator. It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers (Dolotta, 47). ENIAC used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to essentially re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was, however, efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955 (Dolotta, 50). Mathematician John von Neumann was very interested in the ENIAC. In 1945 he undertook a theoretical study of computation that demonstrated that a computer could have a very simple and yet be able to execute any kind of computation effectively by means of proper programmed control without the need for any changes in hardware. Satanism Sociology/Psychology I Am Hoping I Can Somehow Make This Seem EssayIn 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. , an engineer at the Intel Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the deveopment of the computer began (Shallis, 121). A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. However, at that time the manufacturing methods were not good enough to accomplish such a task. About 1960 hotoprinting of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring became highly developed. Then it became possible to build resistors and capacitors into the circuitry by photographic means (Rogers, 142). In the 1970s entire assemblies, such as adders, shifting registers, and counters, became available on tiny chips of silicon. In the 1980s very large scale integration (VLSI), in which hundreds of thousands of transistors are placed on a single chip, became increasingly common. Many companies, some new to the computer field, introduced in the 1970s programmable minicomputers supplied with software packages. The size-reduction rend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals (Rogers, 153). One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380 (Rose, 32). The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved pushing buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didnt include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited (Jacobs, 53). Even though, many orders came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their start in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, founders of Apple Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business (Fluegelman, 16). After the introduction of the Altair 8800, the personal computer industry became a fierce battleground of competition. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard hen they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975 (Chposky, 156). However, the newly formed Apple Computer company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II (The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniaks garage, which was not produced on a wide scale). Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software system (Rose, 37). Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsofts. This would lead to huge profits for Microsoft (Cringley, 163). The main goal of the computer manufacturers was to make the computer as affordable as possible while increasing speed, reliability, and capacity. Nearly every computer manufacturer accomplished this and computers popped up everywhere. Computers were in businesses keeping track of inventories. Computers were in colleges aiding students in research. Computers were in laboratories making complex calculations at high speeds for scientists and physicists. The computer had made its mark everywhere in society and built up a huge industry (Cringley, 174). The future is promising for the computer industry and its technology. The speed of processors is expected to double every year and a half in the coming years. As manufacturing techniques are further perfected the prices of computer systems are expected to steadily fall. However, since the microprocessor technology will be increasing, its higher costs will offset the drop in price of older processors. In other words, the price of a new computer will stay about the same from year to year, but technology will steadily increase (Zachary, 42) Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing tart into one of the biggest and most profitable industries in the United States. It now comprises thousands of companies, making everything from multi- million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year (Malone, 192). Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of peoples lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyones life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history.

Twelfth Night, Or What You Will Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night, Or What You Will Essay With Twelfth Night, Shakespeare provides us with an extravagantly farfetched and thoroughly entertaining romantic comedy. He goes to all extremes to make this play unpredictable and unconventional, while staying within the boundaries of earlier romantic comedy enough to make this his most exaggerated, supreme romantic comedy. In an age where popularity for romantic comedy had already greatly dwindled, Shakespeare did everything possible to make Twelfth Night his grand finale of this particular genre of festive, lighthearted comedies. He implements many new ideas in this play with his use of altered gender roles, untraditional relationships, and marriages involving unusual circumstances. At the same time, he stays within the traditional formula for romantic comedy that he used in his earlier works. The result is a play that has evolved from it’s traditional form, yet goes all out to exaggerate and accentuate all things that make a romantic comedy. The use of disguises, mistaken identity, and twins are nothing new to Shakespeare, as it is seen in earlier plays like As You Like It and A Comedy of Errors. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night, Or What You Will specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As in other Shakespearean works, Viola uses reversed gender as a disguise with which she gains many things, such as access to a male dominated world, control over her own fortune, and a relationship with Orsino, with whom she ends up falling in love with and marrying. A side effect of this is that, to Viola’s surprise, she is the only person in the play â€Å"man enough† to win the love of the most sought after woman in Illyria. Women have fallen in love with other women in disguise in previous Shakespearean comedies. However, the aspect of a twin brother, coming into the play and taking over the role of himself from his sister, and no one being able to tell who is who is a more original twistand seems an appropriate addition to this whimsical comedy. While it’s farfetched under the close scrutiny of the video we watched, it would have been wonderful performed on a stage of the early seventeenth century, and regardless of where the play is performed, it’s not a challenge to convince oneself that it’s all quite believable. The most peculiar part of this play takes place in the closing act, when a plethora of completely bizarre marriages and relationships culminate. In an era where marriages outside of one’s social class, particularly in the aristocracy, are extremely rare to nonexistent, they come out of the woodwork at the conclusion of this play. As if that weren’t odd enough, all of the marriages have additional extenuating circumstance that would make them seem out of place regardless of the social mobility issue. Olivia, who has been unapproachable for men throughout the play due to excessive grieving over her lost brother, decides she is completely in love with Viola and wants to marry her/him, without very much of anything resembling courtship. Although it’s fine by her, it could be said that Olivia was tricked into getting married, as she doesn’t know her groom’s true identity until after the fact. Orsino, after crooning over Olivia the entirety of the play, doesn’t take time to cry over her, but, upon discovering Viola’s true identity, says, â€Å"Oh, what the hell. I think I’ll get married too†. Yet again in this instance, no courtship takes place, as Orsino only knows Viola’s true gender for a few seconds before deciding they’d make a perfect couple. Then comes the unexplained marriage of Sir Toby and Maria, for which the only explanation offered is that they had such a good time scheming against Malvolio that they decided to make it a permanent partnership. None of these motivations are logical or make any sense at all. .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .postImageUrl , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:visited , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:active { border:0!important; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:active , .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u981b45e13bbbe1382ca494aea11fac7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Seven Stages of Grieving EssayPaired with the fact that all three marriages involved upward movement in social status, this makes for a humdinger of an ending that doesn’t quite fit the mold. Normally Shakespeare’s characters, although they may get a glimpse into a different way of life, always return to their relegated places in society. In Twelfth Night however, the main characters all end up challenging convention and normality for seemingly absent reasons, which, although not logical, certainly proves to be good, humorous entertainment, and the conclusion of one of Shakespeare’s last and greatest romantic comedies.